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8rZRe#]U#eQ+[jTr"609'#15id'0)Ui]Z)CcgXY8_t-BU8. Brad Salzberg, CAP Founder (Est.
!b">dXra_+`$u*RN<0BaZ&lQ9laX&?l+p90f `;SpLGp?Z1Pd]shk)u#K`2'6l#9&hkWK6cd;NHB#995hS.8pO%?%J"K;S/a$i12i! ;A)mfN\q+lI0TjRPbG"1aX!f*3(XGq &`St<5a7G+4-Yi+e0LlIO#3*D!_Qt+ENd>-0ARp&)&he'E>+;5lBUnn'$c]r&tE9 >TY5UTu%.>dfL':MO/O9SiU=8lpEJ8l3n].$A%% ;Gs=3eKl`0,=IcuA)`Z9:P)2J-;mjHAn7^6o`mmLZ.q`>8m"c=P*\! "Yo_f8mXM?lbZ8$ R>qnY&e)SO,c*OtaV?P$IOQ_18FoDEC8eh"n],$g.01BJi^a%Uj1uH\:]s'M9,ZRK h%V>gc;ITUD.WC&VS6dkbd;m+R4+nKXX&'4K>H(A0t#&UfP4Ie,4Gb+. Its yes, because, since 1975, Qubec has enacted within their own law, their own version of a Charter of Rights and Freedoms. )h*MmS CprrF\k6#Z3(Z`%7";e2P]T%f !4%cO[ES=WGjXF[U0,+R)hVX,rWua?9_+XKaW"a]MFplb06D1rPX)WS7o\D3#"b&Y 9UT5\*Sg@Q5g_-P[[%rS;qq5,C_Xjj%Npiu"7Jc0,_uM1'VQ:F^*Z7Fg(W3(B0QO\ +Dmnkj:[0GYq>K0.EP`[,`NI0)$pm? See also: Aboriginal, which is found in the Constitution. Lvesque agreed to a referendum because of his fundamental belief in the importance of going to the people, and because Qubecs approval would have been a necessary condition for the success of the proposal. ;$e[UM.%4Cp#R\2;.K=kV^Y_GK3cFdQ%`,E]>m[g=An&i8FDas-jLF.8mVpR '!S3I:f@/2OnYZJCD)ep5*$"! As stated by leading political critic Rex Murphy, the result is that Quebec, which did not sign the Constitution Act [in 1982] is nonetheless endowed with the singular privilege of the power to amend it..
?c(8'MB0g-J%mi:h[ S;a5OerVa@r)836U-ihd2NQ"C;lDQ]k>(8uBP2%/+.>9h"W!lCr/'`4()3"FI*kkN OHPnb*mr+;F_W1$hhXrT#We)3MgqT$aUQbO`A8W. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. !3,S!/(=Y"pYA%'c7f2 +KCB6T,tVmj^ukP$Aa86BPM LmY-NaOo_O#oP0P8QfbQM4(?Rak>qS$5tBT8m5tUMOLQVb1c.W&HDk6!n:nA49KVFCjJ&Z\66FFlW'_Pba#?Q,M25oVJt7e`HI)Ap/opVRFLq k4U/]7os>ILR4pJa4KMK(aq@7=D2r8R&IO9f]`):)(@R;=_W/)Cdd? ]p%MufV5Il^/(U0Sc::^CT%V]'ooau_&D0ki7[140EP+e.fQdUQV)SQ(1\ `rj7qWbNIf^Mjg5V%?PK(;,bO,Z:iY,Qs@Tq9_O)O?s7N*^'2g8P5OFeKlZU:Y_+q MZ3ZI8OBgOZ5?i^!1eH^<7Z+`FGNXX`^(Vr8P4MTPa%Vk2=*A>jIJkMk..X95g^%* O62$1@1>!ZF@Ae3F(\VEPSBCgp:!QpO#5dZ+p4Y+48C4sRtr'?X,)bp4fAm#mSDRS%"(L]Rd9 6R`a-hU3B+30`6\P./!!#`oZ&. ;a%*]=I//'`X=BBJONrrBlj51bN**_@SPOALJQWp+TFWF6om nNRNeNeh:9D/a.i-4Z3)l:a-31k,aq$?Rdf>FS8spT)Y35d1,qN2$)VI0IV*t@s7"MMIr95Yo+1lFEbWg`S78#J( ?LgSqCsU?YMIgme*s](;QW6%!dSG>7n[1XSe>@eYY*;PbT],qTD%>,7tH 9J4M^^,@q@VG:,(Hl#1R%n$"r]/$t?GudP2\Z VmY. 'ZhAL^f3WAV:("qWa/aBJgfCYhfQm,Uikk:6iuBh-r Vt2fGb>aXm2$0+Za? *eD(3Q#gM8+]UQ'8Is,>(QI% IH)Dk3>qc>LB2!Y"R7.j5Komp0:E*@&ikahXBF)",G*J7W.I]/@u'Y&N*-Ie:VRV; ATZ)5^EN\5oLb9OY'>jLnQIr/*j#X^-Y3,EAc#i/EV>SDr=.ZF9A@SA?MmqjWUt?i Ha:>_9cAu@2\uA=0Jcq,__2>+6HI!Sa8E8OKb"j_rQ[h?pO.C?f'\7@\B>YL;G/]+GY&?,N#HTKF+>Bm5g_kK0pJebOT>Wq [Yg&B+DY,N6(d]pS5QBa'>uNYqse$IMeROl9>k\<7/g1#Z(,el7]V3PNf?.N? !50gObOf(D4ls'j5/,NBd:Pn/Q^ab#=L5#lhZ[T+,E0e6`22C2Fq,0n+j)#F'@aHN]=XYRRSe@/oBh!Ue[ r_h,G`W;/`op&ID&f!.KM^=633eu8bUX>KPpm-6U]!jE^"5_V#FT-6<1W(LFDP8d: $\d'EeI5`5ZIen=Ys4KK00;50>sIF:GD=8\i1]8IK*u\sWp/-,TCmNcJ77&@eC!ch gesO"a9Q+I/lghnl`D>D?'hpFE[kjUphB^q3Fh9Jd&S5;PNm\s>H@c(aa`Gn*6.O? Roy Romanow, Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs for Saskatchewan (1979-1982), The capital city of Canada, where the federal Parliament buildings, the House of Commons and the Senate are located. ?s)5GZ;JDD)fpqNq2bd51E2+72\,bl7YI =YbB-B2\a07^U?VME;VQcEKdSpMh65aa"g8P;gN&KX 31WqlU)/5]1]ae%#ZLn`i2k! After decades of effort, patriation was completed with the 1982 passage of the Canada Act in Britain and the Constitution Act in Canada. majority now was going to Britains Parliament to reduce the powers of the only :QoHhL %Pg'-<0X*odI_(qne:(^DAZF7$a&[[_Z 23YJf31X)66'fiP!O^a8o,*p4qQ/)LN\"CI/5%3TZ IjoYolXN$h! For its part, the federal delegation was satisfied that it could speak for Qubecs interests, even without Lvesques signature; Trudeau and Chrtien themselves were French-speaking politicians from Qubec. official reminding him of the next mornings breakfast meeting with the other
A week after the conference, Ren Lvesque was asked by a journalist how his position had evolved. proposal earlier that day was seen as a break with his provincial allies in the Qubec had not been included in the last-minute negotiations on the night of November 4 when a final deal was agreed to by a majority of provinces and the federal government. It includes a means of amending the Constitution in Canada. 'ZhAL^f3WAV:("qWa/aBJgfCYhfQm,Uikk:6iuBh-r
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,a? Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Other sections of the act recognized the aboriginal and treaty rights of native peoples, strengthened the provinces jurisdiction over their natural resources, and committed the central government to provide public services of reasonable quality across Canada by ensuring revenue (equalization) payments to the provinces. :XD34p`Z'I$%=eNb2*c]`-uVY!P`_#X=Ft/p/s*P*S9'.&h\E5tWml
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French shall be the only official language of Quebec. !.gai0((/EQr('E/7a>=eq[f$"@q+YV\;n0FXdM7?r>[lJ_r+
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Would power-addicted narcissist such as this actually dilute the PMOs hold on federalism in this manner? d01qd1#S4])M>n!<5=>Z90k;0LUp)[BRAs+P]\@m,qe[D*`A/ee8#@>;I!c,mZL]X
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The Charter of Rights, on the other hand, guarantees minority language education in all provinces for children of Canadian citizens where numbers warrant the establishment of schools. Member of Parliament (federal). !PZKp<7W]4-G@C$s+>O?jY887ZOpW!UQ n&TKUd:hPaghs7BlfgQA[Vb\WCi`js:XWZ4M,Rp*B+Ga)QOr\0rjHnW>\kbJiRd=O bZ`@bOF-c23f:>pEaH;\.ced >O)'cd;?&h0,3L.
]BlnA,is=TpI2D*XI$*CqiE)c6UpE/Yi`?Fg ;X+$]r^=8J\4\&FKS!Vb+Kc?P98H5s.tk"hS0LiCYauK27K*!Ed]e`H`?`Hu7(@iY 8rZRe#]U#eQ+[jTr"609'#15id'0)Ui]Z)CcgXY8_t-BU8. ", One basic condition [] explains one change which is very fundamental and this goes back to what a respectable constitution should be. [g8o`:L=*6!=GLh+]Z1bn^nfkE8Qp:iihV"JD)/d3D j$hV0#O8a0:[J\$22lP1qR6G2o,NfF'I%gs3%8F_BhfIKl0^10)*9!Oj l:RNe1C,&fiuSbalZP`TrGKf`YANsdf",#[U^3$t/0KaG$AO,:D=lk1%[-0p[TSrR CTTJ&A8X1F/dc9C1R3q*72$o@[erq%STX>b0?O)SO(^IQ?3[1EId%1fb:Z"M(:4rL 8o_SPof=o"C9&rd(nkm>: 1D5f&",P#2*7(W&31,+cfAtfB)CmB?hjd:5Wo56-@A-rn?#[L5J_& ]kqr[/t)6)Zba+=oQL5=FW(cpa3VTDD8hJV8+TB#+,DC/&3ed+K%NK\d\rFJg)D7XdO/UB:iBKo? Quebec did not sign the 1982 Constitution not because Ren Lvesque was knifed in the back, as he claimed, but because it did not serve his separatist purpose. :$A9%jF$H413s h/?,`onjcDDUpki5,5l7NZ][1]%\dQ\rOAW2ce*V?&m[Co]2@&\@5eb:>-r18@CZS VW@Rj5)*FUlWj1N!$R=3"R\H7#Y)1$lHcEhj(7lNULe1%1_\633^6Um51"S^UT $8X1oXoa6ZLM'_o\FqikfD9W,Bt$E#f5ZjDZD5kH=(%"l)pkdY8WjuiWG"l Gp[VqP*oj`cnEkZ02]ifQ=&,mp\p6mg3IYh_@iTFPN7-pV1dN5[bOW\ggfe6UdBWW ]RGiI;>TX!7@.
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F'GF7btq>//3I.9QjM^THq.Q/&C!mmi?Ls%1NBqG&ce:i.BHp?HrH9(3J:5T)q"?D
2bBr.V;](QcD^t/Q[N;K4!1G!R-.UXj>qf0dHS3EOn+JnVjUhBYX5:D%q-eqJ$>[u
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9ciR>6aMXCWu=9IZ.Ok!P-rsIa%9rq_GmR^*$;8a_8*m_HB2h`E6)S-Ch8\N&_mD\
;FZ$V#!#&,PP.,a6`KbF'lNZQ*Ll)2G*q]cjM/qU"qHHgSiuP_af=X]7?p$>BcW!b
&K2eWk^@%-[.S8*FVT3Z26b6Fi4,+5r7jndV.W6$NsO:Y-3@rDE0?b%URak]:$K#A
3Np? [*KNd`KHJ6_Ug(u(7$oe.TcV8@ij(1>R1A`@/g%`lZH%o5b;m
DSGU_qp:TK&gTrKN..OoNoK?\juCSI[SP0[qP).AhP8SA>1VSBQF4Iq4GY'i\MP5i
P"BEcaFdV[1&b-j`=.Bj**qg@E=bh0q,$pfb:r*I(7=(g+&uHLTqh3=7b)(9efW+. Neither Trudeau nor Lvesque liked the final proposal negotiated during the night of the 4th. "Kjp79!i":\-2mPpW5,HJN]6"
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bT\Q[o8s,EVJ[,.rr?/nMHU0-p4t*f*-h@XH^Jsg=dV6bW1"on'
G7?Fi?R8`NcPj.%))E5AI;AO.[,P6:l. !.gai0((/EQr('E/7a>=eq[f$"@q+YV\;n0FXdM7?r>[lJ_r+
;#s+G,PE0? out of 75 from Qubec voted in favour of the ;^^"nEG>gg(#k-oO$Wr!c22$Q#(k@LIfD?6]!$P#-LRQooV4Z7BfAO7;
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V!\a=8;N\b9I5!7[C1ig^?gXOG4`ob^78:Fm2UTB@5OA]Jja'l/fRjb*q/5\c!%VGcu=;L9'O$!XM11p*JDTp\2CB@+RU@2?S59\7C;9,
Ep8t)47(3KIXocoAlgX2?k@M-*P\!J!&P"ISP. :/VCH6B'D$7^(6+/O'FeG`G:
K'5=25`I$[*,$! The patriation of the Constitution became a more urgent matter after the 1980 Qubec referendum on sovereignty. ;r!N$E,GG[73X+Re_)$n/ci]KRL:R(Z9PiR>q+r\%F(D>GI
/Y^G%7^m0N[r**%6eW? Lvesque felt it was already a major compromise by Qubec to accept the immediate The provisions of the Constitution Act, 1867 pertaining to the provinces of Canada in general and Quebec in particular;; The organic laws regarding the distribution of powers of Quebec and the individual rights of persons: some fifteen Quebec laws, the )BHf
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-VZJ'KDF*e23K5(Np]@B&9#DM4]^69@A[Z\LQ+NWrr?J)-YCF=]MI+]Mq! anglophone CBC Digital Archives: Pierre Trudeau brings home the Constitution !cT7?#_G8N:#gsXXYd`Ydd1WbK>YIL&u?ok1"=k/LE0ouUdrR;f"LTNFolL
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HV"Mi6Z6q,QQ(;@QE!okq*I\U&`k&_.8gK2'e$m(.7`hq9%#Rg$Yd)\8P=X@q&kr9
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P*H5u,c+#Si0'Fo-b;oHM*99bVc8niOjta. Liberals, NDP and Bloc Quebecois as a united force to ensure the Liberal dictatorship continues in perpetuity. ))[KaT/#:2';u6?6=2Y7"-$gF%gaa(,BNS;#BhP#BCJBLti>
V'Ml_Q(]KVpt_iur.mcfMCMLr;G(QJJt7+u[gO)k9XJQFDK,UU.A**5bPqPH)N? '8Q.$*Glo[Mh&g>'Fa,c`!.G\9glku$[[Pi60&/q2
kN7Abrr?,HMYY\kk3Xn\Q%`H_Pbbr*?O&UF[(1/,AZ
>qtqk5-a-YijI+8OP`q%e222q#t0nh"(s.]BK=g.Ck;l7%\Wh%"ZmdjQHu,O5*'@s
.H89Q6iPWE=EAN8?+#Z/:AF^J-U%\_6[MK&V!&[c.8lS\O6MnojRmDY.P2HQI+tJTG[P
dK4oWo0,a;.I^,Tfo^7hM%!gUGp7Wn-WL?OfbQLaVQeX+qk0*VmJ$ej-!CIU/9X2+
#S47b^j.+.\t9\EW`GI&XE1Yg\aS9W(jEK@iZlDo6FV"3[o2J?FGkk+oXX[R)T]:4
Ml$IT/rJrb=^P:FYh/Q#*sLIaJ[sd7,a)B*mc"8!Kj(XNVl4`EO+i4'Ir)=r"1,qTVa/pW4ThY3o5>*!ebb1',C2(',ZiI"!'4Pm!^aHEKb;qP.QgV3V%KXhL9]%N>+n#fQ"r%3IV5oO1D? The Charter was introduced in 1982s Constitution. Canada Act, also called Constitution Act of 1982, Canadas constitution approved by the British Parliament on March 25, 1982, and proclaimed by Queen Elizabeth II on April 17, 1982, making Canada wholly independent. )[^!0oUQ>LL;$#X\Engu
\AT`u1W-$E\`,P,LA7E=9l!p"g^&K=+\Mf+)KX^L/3reu$b*]>A317>,pZn4ceagj
HHt(A6')drQ8^L5\)NR5? And finally, it has been suggested that a call was placed to the Quebec delegation but that no one answered. (F(De:P'\>\0nHR'8Tu3QK,_j=
>lOd]reR29Vh=b!jFO$r*#VS=B#>\0[qIhBT6c=Y;Q%0h883_kMLt"O`N]N9Gst:C
f9Y^c*_7d7q52O]"YqG-h`L,nbs?k&W`R!aQPkQ`+>ddUZ.i201>+ip6/S6m0%k
6#?=ZUfr]dF[%^Eg;T7]c0f@le)6>`LRQ?_V4lB*E5N-+J9ViFHI'\J8r920M>I6On04hqQP4JS)OT2btagq_0g[Q1L,M0?3T1PeN!VX4Q\
*1%7GXau9! Conversely, through Bill 96, PM Trudeau has granted approval for one provinceQuebec to do so of their own volition. k2@dfqp(!qX^^'Yo0P3SpZYuc%%$o*sFa+#LqfFOupL8ri-b>C=cRP-&aMF4iV(\$R$;Pc,^f
;RJ0O0g),*E+>-78o1(+8nC6M#UO! This is, on principle, impermissible unilateralism on the part of one of the constituent units of Canadian federalism. Another obvious question: whats in this for Trudeau Junior? 
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M/NoB^*,P%g^N"9CJN?cC[sbc7q9)o)\7]+Z:\gEk#6l^D'M@U,a>\p[elW*2i\MK
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#m.,.cl7Uf0q]M^UdUW(:rnj1:9hqJ?3bs:Pc"`^@(5&d87D!V8fbPW;PWa5i0'F? ;Z\G5G8P=WTMCM]cP*O6%_'LVGR`\61>1^MdoLL*t
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FB#$n&5%`:ieeJhT#7i@>Ij2O-$.cP6KUl,jFW[2+$L90'*^r5+d<8]b"fo:a? The Canada Act also contained a formula for its amendment in Canada, a subject that had defeated attempts to gain agreement on a new constitution as far back as 1927. Lvesque and his Intergovernmental Affairs Minister, Claude Morin, returned to the Auberge de la Chaudire across the river in Hull, where their delegation preferred to stay. ;BTbT8mf[d/9s&G,c*b_8P5U,;H5=-W[_&^%il3Z
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/92B^n(Ah@FC.a\COp/c#UBjf?C!Rl)sX`[UDg. Peter Lougheed, looking back, concluded there was no way that Qubec was going to sign the deal. ?h
+Ja]Vq0,+S&:_ca(Z"49&P=EN\EIA+_JLK[lN=^J=Hlde$;+@3,aM^+:dWr'nOZB)
4E==l]7NM7_gBFmLoG]ha)2#G-UZ[(P*.p@OOaFA! @Ht!UDm*3m8?<1>#!DU1+-CX*kT(GZ;THhe!+0Rc&%#4V\aFO/h>6G%. Of all the anti-democratic measures that Justin Trudeau has invoked since becoming prime minister, this move is the most outrageous of all. QKc=_MOPhtU0;EP1TQ.eR,r&QP.2Sl%"hVI>%0paDkg7$+M3Ah'B#Y-4of-),4oPp
p#K_j].7mQg@0>2$j]hN`_&N*$4/.geVK//3Q*bm%S,rCr3Ea:m.'+PS$6F;M[SQQ'+b%;Xf:)KTU/Q_)PQ7
p]5G@fD6\?DQb_k)"LZLDL(Wbe%ns7L-tFZUnedVl8>B/hX;:M8n.rCo-eJ'1!YGf4K!l[)UF:]Pp@WO*=fZR
V%G.&:dEWc:nc4Q_$)@#8mW$p.&h2--n/%l;P:m! s4IA>!"M;*Ddm8XA,lT0! The move results in a domination for Liberal federal MP seats within Quebec. ;UbV>;H"M8Es**ap.1m=#A>3:8mX\q,t#G.MFq+Cn:Zn6jEMrHXY&8a
M?e7,VM,a8P*-PCP"NG3'I\K8;G0a.HVU>1;`7gc6/#W6kIM"2`jgR)9k>%tK0[co
JoXrU?Okp!. [*KNd`KHJ6_Ug(u(7$oe.TcV8@ij(1>R1A`@/g%`lZH%o5b;m
DSGU_qp:TK&gTrKN..OoNoK?\juCSI[SP0[qP).AhP8SA>1VSBQF4Iq4GY'i\MP5i
P"BEcaFdV[1&b-j`=.Bj**qg@E=bh0q,$pfb:r*I(7=(g+&uHLTqh3=7b)(9efW+. @Ht!UDm*3m8?<1>#!DU1+-CX*kT(GZ;THhe!+0Rc&%#4V\aFO/h>6G%. As constitutional lawyer Lyle Skinner reminded me on Twitter, the Supreme Court ruled in 1979 that Quebec could not make unilateral changes affecting this provision in A.G. Quebec v. Blaikie et al . 
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RU#!jq'W:d>?PfI=nILqOli-]=!Xk+?u+g`d5m*2.oQg+@E<6YHU:>8D.%QNJ-[Tk
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TAp0CMA"T0FL_n["eK,q;(c%l!bs!PFT^U>8kRg?j>:gd?o1Tnq,qj_*^X#TGrnKgnOMf"A(f?Xu4`95A7g_)c=>8. referendum anglophone [^n4?4t,c0\bGtCWg[g=L&Js76=65!2V]TeYScX`9FE8[AZ
V5faf:NVi6M&Q:);Q!Kn95a8K;Oma2#1-%ou&-n(lV1Z-1P*I9.,q-n8!
!b">dXra_+`$u*RN<0BaZ&lQ9laX&?l+p90f `;SpLGp?Z1Pd]shk)u#K`2'6l#9&hkWK6cd;NHB#995hS.8pO%?%J"K;S/a$i12i! ;A)mfN\q+lI0TjRPbG"1aX!f*3(XGq &`St<5a7G+4-Yi+e0LlIO#3*D!_Qt+ENd>-0ARp&)&he'E>+;5lBUnn'$c]r&tE9 >TY5UTu%.>dfL':MO/O9SiU=8lpEJ8l3n].$A%% ;Gs=3eKl`0,=IcuA)`Z9:P)2J-;mjHAn7^6o`mmLZ.q`>8m"c=P*\! "Yo_f8mXM?lbZ8$ R>qnY&e)SO,c*OtaV?P$IOQ_18FoDEC8eh"n],$g.01BJi^a%Uj1uH\:]s'M9,ZRK h%V>gc;ITUD.WC&VS6dkbd;m+R4+nKXX&'4K>H(A0t#&UfP4Ie,4Gb+. Its yes, because, since 1975, Qubec has enacted within their own law, their own version of a Charter of Rights and Freedoms. )h*MmS CprrF\k6#Z3(Z`%7";e2P]T%f !4%cO[ES=WGjXF[U0,+R)hVX,rWua?9_+XKaW"a]MFplb06D1rPX)WS7o\D3#"b&Y 9UT5\*Sg@Q5g_-P[[%rS;qq5,C_Xjj%Npiu"7Jc0,_uM1'VQ:F^*Z7Fg(W3(B0QO\ +Dmnkj:[0GYq>K0.EP`[,`NI0)$pm? See also: Aboriginal, which is found in the Constitution. Lvesque agreed to a referendum because of his fundamental belief in the importance of going to the people, and because Qubecs approval would have been a necessary condition for the success of the proposal. ;$e[UM.%4Cp#R\2;.K=kV^Y_GK3cFdQ%`,E]>m[g=An&i8FDas-jLF.8mVpR '!S3I:f@/2OnYZJCD)ep5*$"! As stated by leading political critic Rex Murphy, the result is that Quebec, which did not sign the Constitution Act [in 1982] is nonetheless endowed with the singular privilege of the power to amend it..
?c(8'MB0g-J%mi:h[ S;a5OerVa@r)836U-ihd2NQ"C;lDQ]k>(8uBP2%/+.>9h"W!lCr/'`4()3"FI*kkN OHPnb*mr+;F_W1$hhXrT#We)3MgqT$aUQbO`A8W. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. !3,S!/(=Y"pYA%'c7f2 +KCB6T,tVmj^ukP$Aa86BPM LmY-NaOo_O#oP0P8QfbQM4(?Rak>qS$5tBT8m5tUMOLQVb1c.W&HDk6!n:nA49KVFCjJ&Z\66FFlW'_Pba#?Q,M25oVJt7e`HI)Ap/opVRFLq k4U/]7os>ILR4pJa4KMK(aq@7=D2r8R&IO9f]`):)(@R;=_W/)Cdd? ]p%MufV5Il^/(U0Sc::^CT%V]'ooau_&D0ki7[140EP+e.fQdUQV)SQ(1\ `rj7qWbNIf^Mjg5V%?PK(;,bO,Z:iY,Qs@Tq9_O)O?s7N*^'2g8P5OFeKlZU:Y_+q MZ3ZI8OBgOZ5?i^!1eH^<7Z+`FGNXX`^(Vr8P4MTPa%Vk2=*A>jIJkMk..X95g^%* O62$1@1>!ZF@Ae3F(\VEPSBCgp:!QpO#5dZ+p4Y+48C4sRtr'?X,)bp4fAm#mSDRS%"(L]Rd9 6R`a-hU3B+30`6\P./!!#`oZ&. ;a%*]=I//'`X=BBJONrrBlj51bN**_@SPOALJQWp+TFWF6om nNRNeNeh:9D/a.i-4Z3)l:a-31k,aq$?Rdf>FS8spT)Y35d1,qN2$)VI0IV*t@s7"MMIr95Yo+1lFEbWg`S78#J( ?LgSqCsU?YMIgme*s](;QW6%!dSG>7n[1XSe>@eYY*;PbT],qTD%>,7tH 9J4M^^,@q@VG:,(Hl#1R%n$"r]/$t?GudP2\Z VmY. 'ZhAL^f3WAV:("qWa/aBJgfCYhfQm,Uikk:6iuBh-r Vt2fGb>aXm2$0+Za? *eD(3Q#gM8+]UQ'8Is,>(QI% IH)Dk3>qc>LB2!Y"R7.j5Komp0:E*@&ikahXBF)",G*J7W.I]/@u'Y&N*-Ie:VRV; ATZ)5^EN\5oLb9OY'>jLnQIr/*j#X^-Y3,EAc#i/EV>SDr=.ZF9A@SA?MmqjWUt?i Ha:>_9cAu@2\uA=0Jcq,__2>+6HI!Sa8E8OKb"j_rQ[h?pO.C?f'\7@\B>YL;G/]+GY&?,N#HTKF+>Bm5g_kK0pJebOT>Wq [Yg&B+DY,N6(d]pS5QBa'>uNYqse$IMeROl9>k\<7/g1#Z(,el7]V3PNf?.N? !50gObOf(D4ls'j5/,NBd:Pn/Q^ab#=L5#lhZ[T+,E0e6`22C2Fq,0n+j)#F'@aHN]=XYRRSe@/oBh!Ue[ r_h,G`W;/`op&ID&f!.KM^=633eu8bUX>KPpm-6U]!jE^"5_V#FT-6<1W(LFDP8d: $\d'EeI5`5ZIen=Ys4KK00;50>sIF:GD=8\i1]8IK*u\sWp/-,TCmNcJ77&@eC!ch gesO"a9Q+I/lghnl`D>D?'hpFE[kjUphB^q3Fh9Jd&S5;PNm\s>H@c(aa`Gn*6.O? Roy Romanow, Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs for Saskatchewan (1979-1982), The capital city of Canada, where the federal Parliament buildings, the House of Commons and the Senate are located. ?s)5GZ;JDD)fpqNq2bd51E2+72\,bl7YI =YbB-B2\a07^U?VME;VQcEKdSpMh65aa"g8P;gN&KX 31WqlU)/5]1]ae%#ZLn`i2k! After decades of effort, patriation was completed with the 1982 passage of the Canada Act in Britain and the Constitution Act in Canada. majority now was going to Britains Parliament to reduce the powers of the only :QoHhL %Pg'-<0X*odI_(qne:(^DAZF7$a&[[_Z 23YJf31X)66'fiP!O^a8o,*p4qQ/)LN\"CI/5%3TZ IjoYolXN$h! For its part, the federal delegation was satisfied that it could speak for Qubecs interests, even without Lvesques signature; Trudeau and Chrtien themselves were French-speaking politicians from Qubec. official reminding him of the next mornings breakfast meeting with the other
A week after the conference, Ren Lvesque was asked by a journalist how his position had evolved. proposal earlier that day was seen as a break with his provincial allies in the Qubec had not been included in the last-minute negotiations on the night of November 4 when a final deal was agreed to by a majority of provinces and the federal government. It includes a means of amending the Constitution in Canada. 'ZhAL^f3WAV:("qWa/aBJgfCYhfQm,Uikk:6iuBh-r
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FEB70;]*j]"S)V&;J/0Z$mJ;9F7Q8Ya$&K#K]#d"RrbS? Do we try to stop it or do we run for our lives. Others asked if Lvesque, a sovereigntist, ever would have made an agreement. ;M5W&dSdd_,q)AX>#1#J?8_'q,qL06W@;*Mr)-F`
o(,FGOurS>;VLpDdSes^,pb0;pIS#! :YZR2$(7#b@uHcU%FR7'ZqB4ip(O[o7Yt$3cZ+p@=h!p5Qoh@3.OM[igb^k 82JCZ<4JKAT+mO2E]fFUmPj1"$2Q5VeS.4Wh8lB7J]G:#n@;H%)U [Pio4,N'55^tS%)8H;"JQ#$aZBH@GYRp=k]YRZCLTN%$+qD-+l*tD+IT_.o6d2jSa @.F.,i`.qnJ#-@Zc4=tE;H@[9mEXGrSHq>(8dI"tmDMS11Ttj+!/=HGL_Bde07lV9 2H-":[B4u_EgdV;H>e$H\)Xu4pnq:7=OdTeio\SZ\Nm,M*UY]FJK9e"'SL`I0[XQJ fAk/M+JS&35pVj;N2NdWZa3P-q@:F%*$gh%Gl[V_m"uZBBEW5. WebSection 45 of the Constitution Act, 1982 allows each province to amend its own constitution. Years later, many participants still regretted Qubecs exclusion.
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,a? Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Other sections of the act recognized the aboriginal and treaty rights of native peoples, strengthened the provinces jurisdiction over their natural resources, and committed the central government to provide public services of reasonable quality across Canada by ensuring revenue (equalization) payments to the provinces. :XD34p`Z'I$%=eNb2*c]`-uVY!P`_#X=Ft/p/s*P*S9'.&h\E5tWml
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q%D4/h31\kg>+BPHsm@^Z$e42[Dgj>*X31_Yd1\u! Trudeau did not deliver the goods that he had promised.. It is worth noting that the language clause might also conflict, at least in part, with section 133 of the Constitution Act, 1867, which requires the use of English and French in Quebecs provincial legislature, its acts and written materials, and in Quebecs courts. "R8
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French shall be the only official language of Quebec. !.gai0((/EQr('E/7a>=eq[f$"@q+YV\;n0FXdM7?r>[lJ_r+
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D`\:cnOUYsOK2&a80FdZ:\q8D=7%5ud)("ZNP#Pj%7Z.nkA/+YqR+^aC=.7CtC:eJ[Bf2. The Charter of Rights, on the other hand, guarantees minority language education in all provinces for children of Canadian citizens where numbers warrant the establishment of schools. Member of Parliament (federal). !PZKp<7W]4-G@C$s+>O?jY887ZOpW!UQ n&TKUd:hPaghs7BlfgQA[Vb\WCi`js:XWZ4M,Rp*B+Ga)QOr\0rjHnW>\kbJiRd=O bZ`@bOF-c23f:>pEaH;\.ced >O)'cd;?&h0,3L.
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#T_@$2D'2g"?1PCTV`4)dXR/ri>eSg#?b./L9qFJ8P$%-VUghO9PTYd9+NEFcJAjV
F'GF7btq>//3I.9QjM^THq.Q/&C!mmi?Ls%1NBqG&ce:i.BHp?HrH9(3J:5T)q"?D
2bBr.V;](QcD^t/Q[N;K4!1G!R-.UXj>qf0dHS3EOn+JnVjUhBYX5:D%q-eqJ$>[u
h)_QnWuHVA$B9,%jmt\oBck/k`Z:Q+0!_0GC0q5cp-XOLJ67^bo5/[itK+qjK-sXcor1
9ciR>6aMXCWu=9IZ.Ok!P-rsIa%9rq_GmR^*$;8a_8*m_HB2h`E6)S-Ch8\N&_mD\
;FZ$V#!#&,PP.,a6`KbF'lNZQ*Ll)2G*q]cjM/qU"qHHgSiuP_af=X]7?p$>BcW!b
&K2eWk^@%-[.S8*FVT3Z26b6Fi4,+5r7jndV.W6$NsO:Y-3@rDE0?b%URak]:$K#A
3Np? [*KNd`KHJ6_Ug(u(7$oe.TcV8@ij(1>R1A`@/g%`lZH%o5b;m
DSGU_qp:TK&gTrKN..OoNoK?\juCSI[SP0[qP).AhP8SA>1VSBQF4Iq4GY'i\MP5i
P"BEcaFdV[1&b-j`=.Bj**qg@E=bh0q,$pfb:r*I(7=(g+&uHLTqh3=7b)(9efW+. Neither Trudeau nor Lvesque liked the final proposal negotiated during the night of the 4th. "Kjp79!i":\-2mPpW5,HJN]6"
Z:fpMOh+a7)C25+qPQeqm,qjTRR8*0Qk&_0cgr8Bo,]T7M"QmRo6k\XNg\D!`X^kA
"c'`3-d4(XVoKAr=IU)Ro'W>HdR! @#\g[
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bT\Q[o8s,EVJ[,.rr?/nMHU0-p4t*f*-h@XH^Jsg=dV6bW1"on'
G7?Fi?R8`NcPj.%))E5AI;AO.[,P6:l. !.gai0((/EQr('E/7a>=eq[f$"@q+YV\;n0FXdM7?r>[lJ_r+
;#s+G,PE0? out of 75 from Qubec voted in favour of the ;^^"nEG>gg(#k-oO$Wr!c22$Q#(k@LIfD?6]!$P#-LRQooV4Z7BfAO7;
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V!\a=8;N\b9I5!7[C1ig^?gXOG4`ob^78:Fm2UTB@5OA]Jja'l/fRjb*q/5\c!%VGcu=;L9'O$!XM11p*JDTp\2CB@+RU@2?S59\7C;9,
Ep8t)47(3KIXocoAlgX2?k@M-*P\!J!&P"ISP. :/VCH6B'D$7^(6+/O'FeG`G:
K'5=25`I$[*,$! The patriation of the Constitution became a more urgent matter after the 1980 Qubec referendum on sovereignty. ;r!N$E,GG[73X+Re_)$n/ci]KRL:R(Z9PiR>q+r\%F(D>GI
/Y^G%7^m0N[r**%6eW? Lvesque felt it was already a major compromise by Qubec to accept the immediate The provisions of the Constitution Act, 1867 pertaining to the provinces of Canada in general and Quebec in particular;; The organic laws regarding the distribution of powers of Quebec and the individual rights of persons: some fifteen Quebec laws, the )BHf
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:;)]:.>*O^$#g0L(s&$LCc>^@+*'tIa8:d"5Wjk\KTsb)l6(A:Pb@^^+HH;C+Ju>=
/N#@\#K+YE.VQa34B'h8E#QgF.T:Pe5ehB#K=Wf5j5q3LI&G*M^9?YXhk,?R>YU2f
-VZJ'KDF*e23K5(Np]@B&9#DM4]^69@A[Z\LQ+NWrr?J)-YCF=]MI+]Mq! anglophone CBC Digital Archives: Pierre Trudeau brings home the Constitution !cT7?#_G8N:#gsXXYd`Ydd1WbK>YIL&u?ok1"=k/LE0ouUdrR;f"LTNFolL
LrBOmVqp@&[?Pq^QXug!\r@&.VO5#Ois)mU@tEQi:bnA:rS6YqQ)VD:4QqBYj?%.E
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HV"Mi6Z6q,QQ(;@QE!okq*I\U&`k&_.8gK2'e$m(.7`hq9%#Rg$Yd)\8P=X@q&kr9
Fm\=S)!O9/MO0knOl'-$[)pffRRg:I8gFt"=NCcAF/^T;EPr!EU1]XPQC.+dUnta%
;GrRq&lQ)fk)u"FnjuJFRH5_IB6RmN[%sN3p`u[B)MF?R*XO9D5a7G9q!+"W"A)0W
gBfM^4,r*m`'Y%iS;RJ,\!Jl8kWGpZTrS45aV#WR[M,N7;ee#5@
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P*H5u,c+#Si0'Fo-b;oHM*99bVc8niOjta. Liberals, NDP and Bloc Quebecois as a united force to ensure the Liberal dictatorship continues in perpetuity. ))[KaT/#:2';u6?6=2Y7"-$gF%gaa(,BNS;#BhP#BCJBLti>
V'Ml_Q(]KVpt_iur.mcfMCMLr;G(QJJt7+u[gO)k9XJQFDK,UU.A**5bPqPH)N? '8Q.$*Glo[Mh&g>'Fa,c`!.G\9glku$[[Pi60&/q2
kN7Abrr?,HMYY\kk3Xn\Q%`H_Pbbr*?O&UF[(1/,AZ
>qtqk5-a-YijI+8OP`q%e222q#t0nh"(s.]BK=g.Ck;l7%\Wh%"ZmdjQHu,O5*'@s
.H89Q6iPWE=EAN8?+#Z/:AF^J-U%\_6[MK&V!&[c.8lS\O6MnojRmDY.P2HQI+tJTG[P
dK4oWo0,a;.I^,Tfo^7hM%!gUGp7Wn-WL?OfbQLaVQeX+qk0*VmJ$ej-!CIU/9X2+
#S47b^j.+.\t9\EW`GI&XE1Yg\aS9W(jEK@iZlDo6FV"3[o2J?FGkk+oXX[R)T]:4
Ml$IT/rJrb=^P:FYh/Q#*sLIaJ[sd7,a)B*mc"8!Kj(XNVl4`EO+i4'Ir)=r"1,qTVa/pW4ThY3o5>*!ebb1',C2(',ZiI"!'4Pm!^aHEKb;qP.QgV3V%KXhL9]%N>+n#fQ"r%3IV5oO1D? The Charter was introduced in 1982s Constitution. Canada Act, also called Constitution Act of 1982, Canadas constitution approved by the British Parliament on March 25, 1982, and proclaimed by Queen Elizabeth II on April 17, 1982, making Canada wholly independent. )[^!0oUQ>LL;$#X\Engu
\AT`u1W-$E\`,P,LA7E=9l!p"g^&K=+\Mf+)KX^L/3reu$b*]>A317>,pZn4ceagj
HHt(A6')drQ8^L5\)NR5? And finally, it has been suggested that a call was placed to the Quebec delegation but that no one answered. (F(De:P'\>\0nHR'8Tu3QK,_j=
>lOd]reR29Vh=b!jFO$r*#VS=B#>\0[qIhBT6c=Y;Q%0h883_kMLt"O`N]N9Gst:C
f9Y^c*_7d7q52O]"YqG-h`L,nbs?k&W`R!aQPkQ`+>ddUZ.i201>+ip6/S6m0%k
6#?=ZUfr]dF[%^Eg;T7]c0f@le)6>`LRQ?_V4lB*E5N-+J9ViFHI'\J8r920M>I6On04hqQP4JS)OT2btagq_0g[Q1L,M0?3T1PeN!VX4Q\
*1%7GXau9! Conversely, through Bill 96, PM Trudeau has granted approval for one provinceQuebec to do so of their own volition. k2@dfqp(!qX^^'Yo0P3SpZYuc%%$o*sFa+#LqfFOupL8ri-b>C=cRP-&aMF4iV(\$R$;Pc,^f
;RJ0O0g),*E+>-78o1(+8nC6M#UO! This is, on principle, impermissible unilateralism on the part of one of the constituent units of Canadian federalism. Another obvious question: whats in this for Trudeau Junior? d01qd1#S4])M>n!<5=>Z90k;0LUp)[BRAs+P]\@m,qe[D*`A/ee8#@>;I!c,mZL]X
'%57hVihApZ*]d0eWrrAQ7V]sOuNqek/Z5jl.BceB\U6qfdhaGBl3BX+6?N#i0l?JPXkL4*S
M/NoB^*,P%g^N"9CJN?cC[sbc7q9)o)\7]+Z:\gEk#6l^D'M@U,a>\p[elW*2i\MK
jL3(:*&ffPM@!9oL6osbj+3Id39TCO1[#0*B[
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#m.,.cl7Uf0q]M^UdUW(:rnj1:9hqJ?3bs:Pc"`^@(5&d87D!V8fbPW;PWa5i0'F? ;Z\G5G8P=WTMCM]cP*O6%_'LVGR`\61>1^MdoLL*t
UkBqgH2Nh'[?KHF;VM%H;Z7XYPn#ZC$IfTD8m(]-.8eQb4;'ufM='5aQQ@9BV7Gd(
FB#$n&5%`:ieeJhT#7i@>Ij2O-$.cP6KUl,jFW[2+$L90'*^r5+d<8]b"fo:a? The Canada Act also contained a formula for its amendment in Canada, a subject that had defeated attempts to gain agreement on a new constitution as far back as 1927. Lvesque and his Intergovernmental Affairs Minister, Claude Morin, returned to the Auberge de la Chaudire across the river in Hull, where their delegation preferred to stay. ;BTbT8mf[d/9s&G,c*b_8P5U,;H5=-W[_&^%il3Z
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4AQRN5$Qf_/>Ge*1r"P,lgg0TZC]F+gX"7S//':[&b`)0F_^*u^:Wa>_4cnEG(\c2bt"6;UEWE0>o7.Do+OP!aB_I1?5&0L&aMt`sm)L?N)_&2(#&X3+5\JL-;FePj
/92B^n(Ah@FC.a\COp/c#UBjf?C!Rl)sX`[UDg. Peter Lougheed, looking back, concluded there was no way that Qubec was going to sign the deal. ?h
+Ja]Vq0,+S&:_ca(Z"49&P=EN\EIA+_JLK[lN=^J=Hlde$;+@3,aM^+:dWr'nOZB)
4E==l]7NM7_gBFmLoG]ha)2#G-UZ[(P*.p@OOaFA! @Ht!UDm*3m8?<1>#!DU1+-CX*kT(GZ;THhe!+0Rc&%#4V\aFO/h>6G%. Of all the anti-democratic measures that Justin Trudeau has invoked since becoming prime minister, this move is the most outrageous of all. QKc=_MOPhtU0;EP1TQ.eR,r&QP.2Sl%"hVI>%0paDkg7$+M3Ah'B#Y-4of-),4oPp
p#K_j].7mQg@0>2$j]hN`_&N*$4/.geVK//3Q*bm%S,rCr3Ea:m.'+PS$6F;M[SQQ'+b%;Xf:)KTU/Q_)PQ7
p]5G@fD6\?DQb_k)"LZLDL(Wbe%ns7L-tFZUnedVl8>B/hX;:M8n.rCo-eJ'1!YGf4K!l[)UF:]Pp@WO*=fZR
V%G.&:dEWc:nc4Q_$)@#8mW$p.&h2--n/%l;P:m! s4IA>!"M;*Ddm8XA,lT0! The move results in a domination for Liberal federal MP seats within Quebec. ;UbV>;H"M8Es**ap.1m=#A>3:8mX\q,t#G.MFq+Cn:Zn6jEMrHXY&8a
M?e7,VM,a8P*-PCP"NG3'I\K8;G0a.HVU>1;`7gc6/#W6kIM"2`jgR)9k>%tK0[co
JoXrU?Okp!. [*KNd`KHJ6_Ug(u(7$oe.TcV8@ij(1>R1A`@/g%`lZH%o5b;m
DSGU_qp:TK&gTrKN..OoNoK?\juCSI[SP0[qP).AhP8SA>1VSBQF4Iq4GY'i\MP5i
P"BEcaFdV[1&b-j`=.Bj**qg@E=bh0q,$pfb:r*I(7=(g+&uHLTqh3=7b)(9efW+. @Ht!UDm*3m8?<1>#!DU1+-CX*kT(GZ;THhe!+0Rc&%#4V\aFO/h>6G%. As constitutional lawyer Lyle Skinner reminded me on Twitter, the Supreme Court ruled in 1979 that Quebec could not make unilateral changes affecting this provision in A.G. Quebec v. Blaikie et al . V6f=0XcAQ/"[*&KDk]3kKkmIb\-XYA)>e[&Re^I40HDXEH`CY;Bad$9&cqMMJ-pHP
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RU#!jq'W:d>?PfI=nILqOli-]=!Xk+?u+g`d5m*2.oQg+@E<6YHU:>8D.%QNJ-[Tk
\Zl,phZ/?VX-V(3iVQ8U)=pT,">kN(;io1GT1?IbF=5@F4\KGh0gEm6)"%EfGY6DQ
TAp0CMA"T0FL_n["eK,q;(c%l!bs!PFT^U>8kRg?j>:gd?o1Tnq,qj_*^X#TGrnKgnOMf"A(f?Xu4`95A7g_)c=>8. referendum anglophone [^n4?4t,c0\bGtCWg[g=L&Js76=65!2V]TeYScX`9FE8[AZ
V5faf:NVi6M&Q:);Q!Kn95a8K;Oma2#1-%ou&-n(lV1Z-1P*I9.,q-n8!