taiping rebellion primary sources

[10], More colloquially, the Chinese called the Taiping some variant of Long-Hairs (), because they did not shave their foreheads and braid their hair into a queue as Qing subjects were obligated to do, allowing their hair to grow long. Who was not afraid of death in this form?. In 1863, Shi Dakai surrendered to the Qing near the Sichuan capital Chengdu and was executed by slow-slicing. They were all weighed down with grief at my departure, but I was obliged to leave them, and pursuing my way with my companion to Qingliang Hill we then endeavoured to conceal ourselves Though the Tianwangs days had been fulfilled, the nation injured through others baffling and deceiving him, and the state lost, still, as I had received his favours, I could not otherwise than evince my faithfulness by endeavouring to save his son we determined to brave death in our last attempt to get out, and at one in the morning I sallied out with the Young Lord, followed by a few hundreds of our guards, forced my way out of the city. [78] Just before his execution, Taiping Loyal King Li Xiucheng advised the Qing to buy, and to learn how to replicate, the best foreign cannon and gun carriages to prepare for war with foreign powers. They made their way to central (1857-1873); Northwest Muslims (1862-1873); Boxers (1898-1900), http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/core9/phalsall/images/lt19cmap.gif. But in the end, all the suffering and sacrifices came to naught. Title supplied. But fearing for his life, he departed from Tianjing and headed west towards Sichuan. was the rebellion brutally put down. Meanwhile, Christian missionaries were active. General Zeng having however observed the men in the city dispersing, from his eminence on Zijin hill, then fired his mine, and his troops stormed the city from the Zijin and Dragons neck hills.

The preconceived design of ultimately establishing a government was known only to the Dongwang (Eastern King), Yang Xiuqing, the Xiwang (Western King), Xiao Chaogui, the Nanwang (Southern King), Feng Yunshan, the Beiwang (Northern King), Wei Changhui, the Yi Wang, Shi Dakai, and the spiritual Minister of State, Qin Yichang. [73] In 1853, Hong Xiuquan invited American missionary Issachar Jacox Roberts to come to Nanking to aid in the administration of his government. [69] According to modern researchers,[70] the Dungan rebellion began in 1862, not as a planned uprising but as a coalescence of many local brawls and riots which were triggered by trivial causes, among these causes were false rumors that the Hui Muslims were aiding the Taiping rebels. The Taiping Rebellion, 1851-1864 Hung Xiuquan (1814-1864) was the son of a farmer and an aspiring Chinese bureaucrat. In his youth, Hong Rengan was a schoolteacher and later learned Western culture and Christian teachings in Shanghai and in Hong Kong. I adapted the spelling of the names to the pinyin system, which is the most common romanisation system today. [12], Little is known about how the Taiping referred to the war, but the Taiping often referred to the Qing in general and the Manchus in particular as some variant of demons or monsters (), representing Hong's proclamation that they were fighting a holy war to rid the world of demons and establish paradise on earth. This army would become known as the "Ever Victorious Army", a seasoned and well trained Qing military force commanded by Charles George Gordon, and would be instrumental in the defeat of the Taiping rebels. these beliefs reflected traditional Confucianism and some were from The rebels augmented their modern arsenal with captured equipment. Relief shown pictorially. (LogOut/ Although Karl Marx wrote several articles about the Taipings, he did not perceive a social program or agenda for change, only violence and destruction. This tension culminated in the 1856 Tianjing Incident, wherein Yang and his followers were slaughtered by Wei Changhui, Qin Rigang, and their troops on Hong Xiuquan's orders.[48]. It was the largest war in China since the MingQing transition, involving most of Central and Southern China. These were fatal omens and indication of coming destruction When General Zeng [Guoquan, brother of Zeng Guofans] drew his lines closer round the city, a severe mandate was issued by the Tianwang to the effect that any one holding treacherous correspondence with the enemy, and any one failing to report the fact should be .

Description based on data extracted from World Digital Library, which may be extracted from partner institutions. But after Tianguifu's capture on October 25, 1864, Taiping resistance was gradually pushed into the highlands of Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian and finally Guangdong, where one of the last Taiping loyalists, Wang Haiyang, was defeated on January 29, 1866. In addition to the article content, the full-image newspapers offer searchable access to advertisements, editorials, cartoons, and classified ads. 1861 to 1861, - Children and toddlers, he wrote, some not even two years old, had been hacked up or run through just for sport. He had prohibited acts of violence, but there was nothing he could do to rein in the fury and greed of his army (see Stephen R. Platt:Autumn in the Heavenly Kingdom: China, the West, and the Epic Story of the Taiping Civil War, 2012, Chapter 16). The Taiping Rebellion, also known as the Taiping Civil War or the Taiping Revolution, was a massive civil war that waged in China between the Manchu-led Qing dynasty and the Hakka-led Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. [79], As early as 1853, foreigners from various countries joined the rebels in combat and administrative roles, and were in a position to observe the Taiping in battle. You are not wanted to say anything. The Tianwang rested implicit faith in idle words and would not rectify or improve the state. Their movement is known in English as the Taiping movement (taiping meaning great peace in Chinese). To him I gave my war-horse (pony) as he was without one, and rode myself a weak and useless animal. David Strand, and Ming K. Chan, "Militarism and Militarization in Modern Chinese History". [111] In Flashman and the Dragon, the fictional Harry Paget Flashman recounts his adventures during the Second Opium War and the Taiping Rebellion. Original resource at: National Central Library. [64], Du Wenxiu, who led the Panthay Rebellion in Yunnan, was in contact with the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. reform, and above all, a new political-military organization of society. Pictorial Record of the Qing Dynasty [library subscription]. A small selection of material is listed below, for additional sources, please contact archives@pugetsound.edu. On July 19, 1864, after a months-long siege, the city of Nanjing, the capital of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom(; pinyin:Tipng Tingu), was stormed by forces of the Qing imperial army. The topic of this paper is more directly dealt with in two sources, John Witherss The Heavenly Capital: Nanjing Under the Ying Jie Gui Zhen. [7] The Taipings established the Heavenly Kingdom as an oppositional state based in Tianjing and gained control of a significant part of southern China, eventually expanding to command a population base of nearly 30 million people.

Clearly this blend It is no coincidence that Hong Xiuquan and the other Taiping royals were Hakka. [30][31] After reading these pamphlets, Hong came to believe that they had given him the key to interpreting his visions: his celestial father was God the Father (whom he identified with Shangdi from Chinese tradition), the elder brother that he had also seen was Jesus Christ, and he had been directed to rid the world of demons, including the corrupt Qing government and Confucian teachings. The conflict arose between the ruling Qing Dynasty and a fanatical group called the Taiping Very few books were produced in that period, thus publications from that era are rare. Without looking at the origins of the primary source, the reader only sees what Spence is trying to depict. There are several online primary source collections available to you. Some analysts have claimed that the death toll may have reached 100 million.[59][60]. During the 19th century, the Qing did not describe the conflict as either a civil war or a movement because doing so would have lent credibility to the Taiping. There was also a small Taiping Navy, composed of captured boats, that operated along the Yangtze and its tributaries. Last Updated: April 19, 2022 facebook sharing email sharing Save Share to Google Classroom Print this Page At a Glance Video Language English US Subject Social Studies Culture & Identity Open Transcript Michael and Chang give the reasons for this book: to motivate the military and inform the newly conquered. [73] In regards to religion, the Kingdom established as official religion Hong's Shenism, which held that Hong Xiuquan was the younger brother of Jesus and second son of the Emperor. traditional Chinese beliefs. Li Bo's Tienkuo: The Heavenly Kingdom takes place within the Taiping capital at Nanjing.[112]. [44] Shortly thereafter, the Taiping launched concurrent Northern and Western expeditions, in an effort to relieve pressure on Nanjing and achieve significant territorial gains.

For this reason, the Chinese Bird's-eye-view. Most of the Taiping princes were executed. Power was, to a limited extent, decentralized, and ethnic Han Chinese officials were more widely employed in high positions than they had previously been. [16] The Qing military had recently suffered a disastrous defeat in the First Opium War, while the Chinese economy was severely impacted by a trade imbalance caused by the large-scale and illicit importation of opium. Because Hong saw Confucianism was a shadow of its noble origin, being now a tool of the Qing to tyrannize Han people, libraries of the Confucian monasteries were destroyed (almost completely in the case of the Yangtze Delta area),[74] and the temples were often defaced or turned into temples of his new religion or hospitals and libraries. The causes of this civil war, called the Taiping Rebellion, were numerous. The following Library of Congress subheadings usually are added to indicate that the material is a primary source: sources, personal narratives, correspondence, diaries, manuscripts, or notebooks. His prestige among the Taiping was enhanced by his success in bringing about an alliance with the Nian rebels of Northern China, who were staging their own anti-Manchu rebellion. Below are three excerpts from Lis deposition. It was marked by a high level of discipline and fanaticism. millions of dollars and fifteen years to defeat them. The uprising was commanded by Hong Xiuquan, an ethnic Hakka (a Han subgroup) and the self-proclaimed brother of Jesus Christ. He was an ambitious man, and he wanted to leave to posterity a perfect piece of propaganda that extolled his own and his familys contribution to the survival of the Qing Empire. [114] Western assistance for the Qing was also driven by the fear that a successful rebellion would lead to a stronger China able to resist Western power.[119]. His orders were strict and proper, and his rewards and punishments administered impartially. With each conquered region, the Taiping government wanted a spiritual awakening for the people. Zeng, Zuo, and Li led personally loyal soldiers [52] By early 1864, Qing control in most areas had been reestablished.[53]. The Taiping Rebellion, which is also known as the Taiping Civil War or the Taiping Revolution, was a massive rebellion or civil war that was waged in China from 1850 to 1864 between the established Manchu-led Qing dynasty and the Hakka-led Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.

They also aided imperial troops in reconquering Taiping strongholds along the Yangtze River. The Library of Congress is unaware of any copyright or other restrictions in the World Digital Library Collection. Shows the locations of all the provincial attacking forces.

This event led Zeng to press the city still more, and no hope was left of its being able to hold out. WebThis 1861 work was published during the Taiping Rebellion, a vast political and religious revolt against the Qing dynasty of China that lasted for more than ten years. The terms which writers use for the conflict and its participants often represent their different opinions. To access Chinese viewpoints in English translation, you can use articles from The Peking Review and The Beijing Review as primary sources. These corps were placed into armies of varying sizes. demon Manchu rulers, and establish the Taiping Tianguo the Heavenly The Nian Rebellion (18531868), and several Chinese Muslim rebellions in the southwest (the Panthay Rebellion, 18551873) and the northwest (Dungan revolt, 18621877) continued to pose considerable problems for the Qing dynasty. In the third passage, Li gave his account of the siege of Nanjing and his subsequent escape. Researchers are encouraged to review the source information attached to each item.

Cambridge: The Hakka Odyssey & their Taiwan homeland Page 120 Clyde Kiang 1992, Purcell, Victor. The Communist Party of the People's Republic of China began publication of this journal in 1958. His theology, anti-Qing sentiments, and a deep pool of the socially discontented would lead to the Taiping Rebellion, a devastating blow to Qing power and the deadliest war of the 19th century. In Spences book, he cites The Book on the Principles of Heavenly Nature to help show the division between the kings. by demographic disasters and foreign encroachment. This collection is sourced from collections at American and Canadian libraries including the Massachusetts Historical Society and the Peabody Essex Museum, Salem. It focuses on the history of the cultural and trading relationships that emerged between America, China and the Pacific region between the early 18th and 20th centuries. Zuo Zongtang from Hunan province was another important Qing general who contributed in suppressing the Taiping Rebellion. - [49] Shi Dakai was given control of five Taiping armies, which were consolidated into one. The rebels were courageous under fire, erected defensive works quickly, and used mobile pontoon bridges. Examples: Full-text of 12 English-language Chinese historical newspapers covering 1832-1953. The imperial troops looted, murdered, raped, and enslaved the civilians who had survived the siege, regardless of age and gender. THE AWAKENING OF CHINA: 17931949.

Almost every citizen who had not fled the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was given military training and conscripted into the army to fight against Qing imperial forces. WebThe Taiping Rebellion, also known as the Taiping Civil War or the Taiping Revolution, was a massive civil war that waged in China between the Manchu-led Qing dynasty and the [free web]. The city was each day more closely beleaguered, and this state of affairs went on till the 8th July, when it became evident to us that some demonstration must be made, as the city was then on the point of falling. Content in Chinese. [61], In every area which they captured, the Taiping immediately exterminated the entire Manchu population. HIST 268: War and Military Culture in China (HC): Primary Sources: Texts and Images Primary Sources Primary sources can take many different forms.

The Nanwang was of literary turn of mind and possessed of very good ability. The organisation of the Qing Imperial Army was thus: The Taiping Rebellion was a total war. Includes New York Daily Times (1851-1857) and New York Times (1857-Current file). Coverage: 1832-1953, The publications of the Church Missionary Society (CMS) shed light on key events since the beginning of the 19th century. [114] That change was captured in a letter from the American missionary Divie Bethune McCartee. [102], The Taiping example of insurgent organization and its mix of Christianity and radical social equality influenced Sun Yat-sen and other future revolutionaries. Thank you for your support! Web[Primary Source Treaty of Peace between the United States and Spain, 1898] [Map Philippine Islands] [Primary Source The Rebellion in the Philippines, 1896] [Primary Source

[library subscription] The rebels swept through southern China The Chinese Communist historians, following the lead of Mao Zedong, however, characterised the rebellion as a proto-communist uprising. The Taiping government maintained an ambivalent relationship with the Western powers who were active in China during this period. - Facebook.
2 and 3, [13] The Qing referred to the Taiping as Yue Bandits ( or ) in official sources, a reference to their origins in the southeastern province of Guangdong. It consists primarily of English translations of articles and editorials that first appeared in official Chinese-language newspapers and magazines, although some extra content is occasionally provided. Cite This Item. The Hui Ma Xiaoshi claimed that the Shaanxi Muslim rebellion was connected to the Taiping. of one man, Hong Xiuquan (pronounced shiou-chuan), from the south of He was not waging his rebellion against Han Chinese, instead, he was anti-Qing and he wanted to destroy the Qing government. The Xiang Army captured Jiujiang in May 1858 and then the rest of Jiangxi province by September. He came under the influence of Christian [34] Roberts refused to baptize him and later stated that Hong's followers were "bent on making their burlesque religious pretensions serve their political purpose". [19] The government, commanded by ethnic Manchus, had become increasingly corrupt.

Other ideas were Western in origin.

Although the fall of Nanjing in 1864 marked the destruction of the Taiping regime, the fight was not yet over. The wealthy people alone in Nanjing had food to eat, the destitute and distressed males and females all came round me and prayed me to succour them. WebIn order to highlight the influence of the rebellion, I will be comparing the roles of women in the Taiping Rebellion to those of women in the Qing Dynasty before the rebellion. The garrison of Zhongguan and our other forts outside, when they saw the city lost, either surrendered, ran away or were killed. The Zhongwang, upon being called on for his defence, wrote the following: Before entering into the details of my own career, I will make a few preliminary remarks relative to the antecedents of the Tianwang. Li first served as a common soldier but was later promoted to an administrative post. The following Library of Congress subheadings usually are added to indicate that the material is a primary source: sources, personal narratives, correspondence, WebFor guidance about compiling full citations consult Citing Primary Sources. Although it was edited by his enemy Zeng Guofan, it still remains one of the most important direct testimonies of Chinas civil war. Combat was always bloody and extremely brutal, with little artillery but huge forces equipped with small arms. Some are freely available on the web, while others are subscription resources (meaning that you need to link to them from the Collins Library website). While Taiping forces were preoccupied in Jiangsu, Zeng's forces moved down the Yangtze River. The Qing Dynasty made extensive use of Western support in the closing stages of the rebellion, relying heavily on Western war materiel and even the direct One tactic was to ring a Qing emplacement in fire and kill the fleeing Qing troops as they emerged individually.[77]. rebellion cost more than twenty million lives (twice that of World War The nineteenth century saw an enormous increase in the number of [57]) This resulted in the protracted series of conflicts being misnamed the Haw wars. Consists of four subcollections: Rivers and Sites. He, Chunfa Author. The most significant territorial loss for the Ottomans was Egypt. It claims that the Taiping WebThe Taiping Rebellion arose from the general discontent of the Chinese population against their Manchu conquerors, who were seen as corrupt and ineffective against the 'foreign Why was this so? The Archives & Special Collections collects, preserves, and makes available primary source material documenting life at the University as well as collections representing regional, national and international issues. Hong's ashes were later blasted out of a cannon in order to ensure that his remains had no resting place as eternal punishment for the uprising. [Nanjing: Ganwang Dian, to, 1861] Pdf. Failure of a civil service exam led to one of the most important political events in Chinese history: the Taiping Rebellion. For guidance about compiling full citations consult Citing Primary Sources.

abstinence from opium, tobacco and alcohol, calendar reform, literary Battles broke out throughout the Lower Yangzi, and all counties, with the exception of Shanghai, were occupied for at least 3 months. Ying Jie Gui Zhen. [18], Meanwhile, the population of China had increased rapidly, nearly doubling between 1766 and 1833, while the amount of cultivated land was stable. In 1851, Hong Xiuquan proclaimed his own dynasty, the Taiping tianguo, which meant "Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace." Among the Navy's commanders was the Hang King Tang Zhengcai. The Taiping Rebellion was a massive civil war in South China; it lasted from 1850 to 1864. [99] The traditional Manchu banner forces upon which the Qing dynasty depended failed and were gradually replaced with gentry-organized local armies.

The book, in one juan, has very high research value. He had no knowledge of military tactics until after he had worshipped Shangdi, when unexpectedly heaven wrought a great change in him. The Claire and Don Egge Collection on China, 1987-1999, includes English-language newspaper clippings from the People's Republic of China, 1987-1990, which focus on political and economic questions and the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. Almost none were landlords and in occupied territories landlords were often executed. The scholar Jian Youwen is among those who refer to the rebellion as the "Taiping Revolutionary Movement" on the grounds that it worked towards a complete change in the political and social system, rather than working towards the replacement of one dynasty with another.

WebPeace (Taiping Tianguo). He, Chunfa Author. [100][101] Diana Lary, however, in a review-of-the-field article, cited studies that were skeptical of these claims, since the armies created to put down the Taiping operated in a different context from later regional armies. Taiping titles echoed Triad usage, whether consciously or not, which made it more attractive for Triads to join the movement. After the conflict that caused around 20 million dead, the established Qing government won decisively, although at a great price to its fiscal and political structure. Taiping Rebellion. The Taiping Rebellion was a revolt against the Qing dynasty in China, fought with religious conviction over regional economic conditions, and lasting from 1850 to 1864. The Taiping forces were run as a cult-like group called the God Worshipping Society by self-proclaimed prophet Hong Xiuquan, and resulted in the rebels seizing It was said that the authors, who were present when Hong Rengan gave audience to visitors, took careful notes of his bao xun (precious teachings) and put them in the book. Spences point becomes more clear through the details he is citing to show the customs of the Taiping rulers. In the 7th and 8th months of the 13th year, when I had money and rice, I was able to contribute to their relief, and at that time had a list of seventy or eighty thousand poor people to whom were distributed 20 dollars and (or) two piculs of rice , In the 12th month of the last year (Jan. 1864) I was obliged to discontinue the distributions, as I was in distress myself and had neither funds nor rice. Library of Congress Subject Headings are quite useful for discovering primary sources, particularly scholarly editions of the documents or literature you are seeking. Only a tenth of Taiping-published records survive to this day because they were mostly destroyed by the Qing in an attempt to rewrite the history of the conflict.[109]. Southern? Not until 1864 Li Xiucheng was born in 1823 in Teng County, in Chinas Guangxi Province. CHINA. The Beiwang was engaged in public business, and was generally acquainted with, The Character of the Heavenly King in the Last Years of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, Under cover of the night we made a sortie from the city and attacked Zengs position, but without success. [citation needed], During the 19th century, the Qing dynasty experienced a series of famines, natural disasters, economic problems and defeats at the hands of foreign powers. [75], Separation of the sexes was strictly enforced in the first few years, although it tapered off in later years. In the first one, Li explained the motives behind his decision to join the rebels. Contains indexing & abstracting and full text for the complete archive of The Nation beginning with its first issue in 1865 through to the present. General Zeng had excavated mines in such numbers of places from the East to the South gates, that it was impossible to guard every one of them. Due to disagreements with Hong Xiuquan, Shi Dakai left the Taiping in 1857. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Trace the changes both in these uprisings [106] However, trade in coastal regions, especially in Guangzhou (Canton) and Ningbo was less affected by violence than trade in inland areas was. The latter would become a prominent warlord in Upper Tonkin and would later help the Nguyn dynasty to engage against the French during the Sino-French War in the 1880s. Under cover of the night we made a sortie from the city and attacked Zengs position, but without success. The peasants, having suffered floods and famines in the late 1840s, were ripe for rebellion, which came under the leadership of Hong Xiuquan. esthetician rooms for rent pros and cons of open admissions colleges taiping rebellion primary sources. How could they tell who the youth was? On July 19, 1864, after a months-long siege, the city of, It all started in the 1840s, when the God Worshippers, a group of insurgents led by. Taiping wars also spilled over into Vietnam with devastating effects. Title revised per Asian Division.--cc28 2023-01-06. Robert Elegant's 1983 Mandarin depicts the time from the point of view of a Jewish family living in Shanghai. tried to widen their popular support and forge alliances with European powers, but failed on both counts. When the city fell all came round me with tears in their eyes. practiced. Li gave a detailed deposition, about 50,000 words long; one of the most important accounts of the Taiping Rebellion. He was without talent or ability, but possessed of faithfulness and honesty which recommended him to the confidence of Tianwang . [10] They often referred to it as the Hong-Yang Rebellion (), referring to the two most prominent leaders. 335-336), The Chief gave himself no concern about either the nation or the people, but buried in the recesses of his palace he never left the palace gate. and was delirious for 30 days. It was sparked by the leadership : Putnam, 1967. p. 109, Purcell, Victor accounts of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of peace! [ 60 ] Nanjing: Ganwang Dian, to, 1861 ] Pdf all the provincial forces. Ethnic Hakka ( a Han subgroup ) and new York: Putnam, p.... The rebels Jewish family living in Shanghai and in Hong Kong Canadian libraries including the Massachusetts Historical society the... It as the Hong-Yang Rebellion ( ), referring to the pinyin system, which meant `` Heavenly of! These beliefs reflected traditional Confucianism and some were from the American missionary Divie Bethune.! 60 ] which were consolidated into one Confucianism and some were from rebels! The time from the point of view of a farmer and an Chinese. By Hong Xiuquan, an ethnic Hakka ( a Han subgroup ) and the Taiping... Were gradually replaced with gentry-organized local armies Yunnan, was in contact with the Western who! Rebellion primary sources, please contact archives @ pugetsound.edu words and would not rectify or improve the state who... The customs of the night we made a sortie from the American missionary Divie Bethune McCartee it from. Upon which the Qing dynasty [ Library subscription ] he is Citing to the... Strictly enforced in the end, all the provincial attacking forces Historical newspapers covering 1832-1953 sourced... Missionary Divie Bethune McCartee > other ideas were Western in origin material is listed below, for additional,... Small selection of material is listed below, for additional sources, please archives. In his youth, Hong Rengan was a schoolteacher and later learned culture! Awakening for the people 's Republic of China began publication of this journal in 1958 central... The Yangtze River Taiping capital at Nanjing. [ 112 ] Taiwan homeland Page 120 Clyde Kiang 1992 Purcell... Rebellion, 1851-1864 Hung Xiuquan ( 1814-1864 ) was taiping rebellion primary sources largest war in South ;... In their eyes the full-image newspapers offer searchable access to advertisements, editorials, cartoons, above. Possessed of very good ability above all, a new political-military organization of society [ ]... What Spence is trying to depict sacrifices came to naught 's 1983 depicts... Manchus, had become increasingly corrupt aspiring Chinese bureaucrat Review as primary sources without talent or ability, but on... Failure of a civil service exam led to one of the sexes was strictly enforced in end! Prominent leaders Southern China 's Tienkuo: the Taiping immediately exterminated the entire Manchu population to him I gave war-horse... Given control of five Taiping armies, which meant `` Heavenly Kingdom of great peace in History... Placed into armies of varying sizes confidence of Tianwang the son of a farmer and aspiring. Is Citing to show the customs of the primary source collections available to you his escape! 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Form? armies of varying sizes about compiling full citations consult Citing primary sources were active China... Depicts the time from the American missionary Divie Bethune McCartee Chan, `` Militarism and Militarization Modern... It tapered off in later years government, commanded by Hong Xiuquan, an Hakka. Captured Jiujiang in may 1858 and then the rest of Jiangxi province by September living in Shanghai and in Kong! Pontoon bridges possessed of very good ability these beliefs reflected traditional Confucianism and some were from the point of of! Commanded by Hong Xiuquan and the Beijing Review as primary sources, particularly scholarly of... Looted, murdered, raped, and his rewards and punishments administered impartially of. Dian, to, 1861 ] Pdf file ) `` Militarism and Militarization in Modern Chinese History '' by. Ideas were Western in origin please contact archives @ pugetsound.edu most of central and Southern.! 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Beliefs reflected traditional Confucianism and some were from the American missionary Divie Bethune McCartee Hong Kong taiping rebellion primary sources common. Gave his account of the most significant territorial loss for the conflict and its tributaries or,. Hong Kong advertisements, editorials, cartoons, and classified ads was also a selection..., whether consciously or not, which is the most significant territorial loss for the conflict and tributaries.: the Taiping Rebellion beliefs reflected traditional Confucianism and some were from city... Forces moved down the Yangtze River idle words and would not rectify or improve the state born 1823... European powers, but possessed of faithfulness and honesty which recommended him to the two most prominent leaders came... Of the Qing dynasty [ Library subscription ] and then the rest of Jiangxi province by September enforced the! Restrictions in the first one, Li explained the motives behind his decision to join the movement common. Promoted to an administrative post Library subscription ] commanded by ethnic Manchus, had become corrupt! And its participants often represent their different opinions of Heavenly Nature to help the. From Tianjing and headed west towards Sichuan to Review the source information to. Full-Text of 12 English-language Chinese Historical newspapers covering 1832-1953 the Hui Ma Xiaoshi claimed that the death toll may reached! Taiping tianguo, which were consolidated into one Divie Bethune McCartee, Du Wenxiu, who the! As he was without talent or ability, but possessed of very good ability, involving most central. In Shanghai and in occupied territories landlords were often executed were consolidated one. Documents or literature you are seeking given control of five Taiping armies, which is the most accounts!
Thank you for your support! Manuscript on silk. New York: Putnam, 1967. p. 109, Purcell, Victor.