london underground line, with most stations

The Bakerloo, Central, Jubilee, Northern, Piccadilly, Victoria and Waterloo & City lines are deep-level tubes, with smaller trains that run in two circular tunnels (tubes) with a diameter about 11feet 8inches (3.56m). [268][269], Commissioned by Art on the Underground, the cover of the pocket map is designed by various British and international artists, one of the largest public art commissions in the UK. Underground. This has the effect of reducing laminar airflow by 94%. It is one of the oldest and most extensive metro networks in the world, with 11 lines and over 250 stations. Private infrastructure companies (infracos) would upgrade and maintain the railway, and London Underground would run the train service. [15] This was followed by the adoption of Apple Pay in 2015[198] and Android Pay in 2016,[199] allowing payment using a contactless-enabled phone or smartwatch. ", "Transport accessibility Wheelchair access & avoiding stairs", "Debden Underground station becomes step-free", "Fares & payments Replacements & refunds Charter refunds", "London Underground: Millions not claiming Tube refund", "Apps that help you get money back on Delays", "Quarterly Health, Safety and Environment Performance Reports Quarter 3, 2012/13", "Quarterly Health, Safety and Environment Performance Reports Quarter 4, 2011/12", "Mock tube station gives London Underground staff real-life training", "Tube suicides rise 74% over last 10 years", "Effect of station design on death in the London Underground: observational study", "Fastest time to travel to all London Underground stations", "When Topology Trumped Topography: Celebrating 90 Years of Beck's Underground Map", "London underground's 150th birthday celebrated in Google doodle", "Google Doodle Marks 150 Years Of The London Underground", "Ten years of artists' tube map covers in pictures", "100 artists celebrate 100 years of Tube logo", "100 Years, 100 Artists, 100 Works of Art", "Tate gives Tube roundels at Southwark station a modern makeover", "Conserving Heritage Tiles on the London Underground: Challenges and Approaches", "London Underground's Edwardian Tile Patterns", "Underground Journeys: Charles Holden's designs for London Transport", "Big names call for rethink on Jubilee Line listing refusals", "London Transport Posters: Frank Pick's vision", "Daniel Buren completes installation at Tottenham Court Road tube station", "The Frank Pick Roundel At Piccadilly Circus", "Mapped: Fictional Stations On The London Underground", "This synaesthetic composer turned the tube map into music", "London Underground Calling: Buskers Audition To Play On The Tube", "From the physics of interacting polymers to optimizing routes on the London Underground", "Phone Theft on the Rise in London - Get Phone Repairs", "Dadds, Hannah | Explore 20th Century London", "Too Close For Comfort: Passengers' experiences of the London Underground", London Underground history in a dynamic timeline map, Documents and clippings about London Underground, Lower Thames and Medway Passenger Boat Company, Westminster Passenger Services Association, Local rail transport in the United Kingdom, Metropolitan Railway electric multiple units, Metropolitan Railway electric locomotives, Brompton & Piccadilly Circus Railway Railway, Great Northern, Piccadilly & Brompton Railway, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=London_Underground&oldid=1148151445, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Articles with dead external links from December 2021, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from July 2018, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2015, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019, Articles containing potentially dated statements from May 2013, Articles needing additional references from June 2015, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing potentially dated statements from January 2022, Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2013, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2013, Articles slanted towards recent events from May 2022, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from May 2022, Articles with Structurae structure identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, The line between Campbell Road junction (now closed), near. The track, electrical supply and signalling systems are also being upgraded in a programme to increase peak-hour capacity. Jubilee: Neasden, Stratford Market. [164] It was claimed in 2002 that, if animals were being transported, temperatures on the Tube would break European Commission animal welfare laws. Services using former and current main lines, Sub-surface lines (District, Metropolitan, Hammersmith & City and Circle). A control room for the sub-surface network has been built in Hammersmith and an automatic train control (ATC) system is to replace ageing signalling equipment dating from between the mid-1920s and late 1980s, including the signal cabin at Edgware Road, the control room at Earl's Court, and the signalling centre at Baker Street. [11] Outside the tunnels of central London, many lines' trains tend to travel at over 40mph (64km/h) in the suburban and countryside areas. Which Tube line is most frequent? [45], A joint marketing agreement between most of the companies in the early years of the 20th century included maps, joint publicity, through ticketing and UNDERGROUND signs, incorporating the first bullseye symbol,[37] outside stations in Central London. [69] In the early 1960s, the Metropolitan line was electrified as far as Amersham, British Railways providing services for the former Metropolitan line stations between Amersham and Aylesbury. Over 28 stations will have lifts installed over the next 10 years, bringing the total of step-free stations to over 100.

London: Vintage Books. [48] After the war, government-backed financial guarantees were used to expand the network and the tunnels of the City and South London and Hampstead railways were linked at Euston and Kennington;[49] the combined service was not named the Northern line until later. The service operates on the: The Jubilee, Piccadilly and Victoria lines, and the Central line between White City and Leytonstone, operate at 10-minute intervals. [311] Johnston was redesigned, becoming New Johnston, for photo-typesetting in the early 1980s when Elichi Kono designed a range that included Light, Medium and Bold, each with its italic version. Metropolitan line - 66.7km. [36], While steam locomotives were in use on the Underground there were contrasting health reports. [1] The Circle, District, Hammersmith & City, and Metropolitan lines form the sub-surface network, with railway tunnels just below the surface and of a similar size to those on British main lines, converging on a circular bi-directional loop around zone 1. The first deep-level electric railway line also opened in 1890.

[205] Fares for single journeys are cheaper than paper tickets, and a daily cap limits the total cost in a day to the price of a Day Travelcard. Not to be confused with, London Underground patronage by line in 202021, * Only rapid transit systems in the European parts of Russia and Turkey are shown. [102][103], As of 2021, the Underground serves 272 stations. Walking times between stations including National Rail (Zones 1-3) PDF 322KB. [321][322] By the time London Transport was formed in 1933 the UERL was considered a patron of the arts[314] and over 1000 works were commissioned in the 1930s, such as the cartoon images of Charles Burton and Kauffer's later abstract cubist and surrealist images. [174], Originally access to the deep-tube platforms was by a lift. [134] Due to financial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, work to implement the extension is currently on hold. The tiling at Baker Street incorporates repetitions of Sherlock Holmes's silhouette,[304] at Tottenham Court Road semi-abstract mosaics by Eduardo Paolozzi feature musical instruments, tape machines and butterflies, [305] and at Charing Cross, David Gentleman designed the mural depicting the construction of the Eleanor Cross. [233][234], As of January2022[update], there are 90 stations with step-free access from platform to train,[185][235][236] and there are plans to provide step-free access at another 11 stations by 2024. [55] In 1999, the Jubilee Line Extension project extended the Jubilee line from Green Park station through the growing Docklands to Stratford station.

Passengers may not get on the first train[238] and the majority of passengers do not find a seat on their trains,[239] some trains having more than four passengers every square metre. [240] When asked, passengers report overcrowding as the aspect of the network that they are least satisfied with, and overcrowding has been linked to poor productivity and potential poor heart health.

[196] Paper tickets, the contactless Oyster cards, contactless debit or credit cards[197] and Apple Pay[198] and Android Pay[199] smartphones and watches can be used for travel. [23] The world's first underground railway, it opened in January 1863 between Paddington and Farringdon using gas-lit wooden carriages hauled by steam locomotives. The journey is around 55 minutes. [304], The first posters used various type fonts, as was contemporary practice,[306] and station signs used sans serif block capitals. This will replace the existing fleet with new air-cooled walkthrough trains and a new automatic signalling system. 1 Apr 2023, 20:12. [274][39] The roundel was first printed on a map cover using the Johnston typeface in June 1919, and printed in colour the following October. [31], For the first deep-level tube line, the City and South London Railway, two 10feet 2inches (3.10m) diameter circular tunnels were dug between King William Street (close to today's Monument station) and Stockwell, under the roads to avoid the need for agreement with owners of property on the surface. District, 5.2m per mile. [275], After the UERL was absorbed into the London Passenger Transport Board in 1933, it used forms of the roundel for buses, trams and coaches, as well as the Underground.

[150][151][152], In mid-2014 Transport for London issued a tender for up to 18 trains for the Jubilee line and up to 50 trains for the Northern line. The Underground is served by the following depots: In the years since the first parts of the London Underground opened, many stations and routes have been closed. Published 5th Apr 2023, 10:38 BST. WebMetropolitan Line. Re: Piccadilly Line to Kings Cross.
Since then more lines have been Coloured red on the Tube map, the line serves 49 stations over 46 miles (74 km). They argued this would reduce travel times to Epping and London, and help with efforts to add 19,000 new homes to the town and expand the population to 130,000. The typesetters P22 developed today's electronic version, sometimes called TfL Johnston, in 1997. The Central line is a London Underground line that runs through central London, from Epping, Essex, in the north-east to Ealing Broadway and West Ruislip in the west. [237][130], During peak hours, stations can get so crowded that they need to be closed. [208], In 2014, TfL became the first public transport provider in the world to accept payment from contactless bank cards. [17][18][19] The schematic Tube map, designed by Harry Beck in 1931, was voted a national design icon in 2006 and now includes other transport systems besides the Underground, such as the Docklands Light Railway, London Overground, Thameslink, the Elizabeth line, and Tramlink. [7] The network has expanded to 11 lines, and in 2020/21 was used for 296million passenger journeys,[8] making it one of the world's busiest metro systems. WebE uston rail station will be closed for four days and there will be no Elizabeth line trains in central London over the Easter holidays. His design was displayed at Southwark Station in collaboration with Art on the Underground to mark the opening weekend of the new Tate Modern gallery situated near the station.

Originally a joint Great Western and Metropolitan railways service, the line first appeared separately on the tube map in 1990. In some cases, such as Aldwych and Ongar, the buildings remain and are used for other purposes. [32] The Waterloo and City Railway opened in 1898,[33] followed by the Central London Railway in 1900, known as the "twopenny tube". The line opened in 196871 with the trains being driven automatically and magnetically encoded tickets collected by automatic gates gave access to the platforms. Two platforms serve the subsurface Circle, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines with the remaining six platforms are deep Tube lines of the Northern, Piccadilly and Victoria lines with two platforms each. In early 2014 the Bakerloo, Central, Piccadilly and Waterloo & City line rolling-stock replacement project was renamed New Tube for London (NTfL) and moved from the feasibility stage to the design and specification stage. WebWhat is the least busiest Tube line in London? London Underground has been known as the Tube since 1890 due to the shape of the tunnels. ** Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia are considered trans-continental countries and are also included in Rapid transit in Asia.

The line is predicted to run 36 trains per hour, a 25% increase compared to the present service of 34 trains for the busiest 30 minutes in the morning and evening peaks and 2730 trains per hour during the rest of the peak. District: Ealing Common, Lillie Bridge Depot, Upminster. [260][261] A new map was published in 1921 without any background details, but the central area was squashed, requiring smaller letters and arrows. Jubilee, 9.5m per mile. [204] It can be loaded with Travelcards and used on the Underground, the Overground, buses, trams, the Docklands Light Railway, and National Rail services within London. The Metropolitan Line goes all the way to Buckinghamshire (Image: Nilfanion - created using Ordnance Survey data) Jubilee line - 36.2km.

27. This opened in 1890 with electric locomotives that hauled carriages with small opaque windows, nicknamed padded cells. The line operates under traditional signalling and does not use Automatic Train Operation. 34 stations. [98] Although not part of the Underground, the line connects with several Underground stations. [229] The stations on the Jubilee Line Extension, opened in 1999, were the first stations on the system designed with accessibility in mind, but retrofitting accessibility features to the older stations is a major investment that is planned to take over twenty years. The first trains run from about 05:00 and the last trains until just after 01:00, with later starting times on Sunday mornings.

Bakerloo, 7.7m per mile. The table below has a breakdown of

[263] He presented his original draft in 1931, and after initial rejection it was first printed in 1933.

[331], The Underground (including several fictitious stations[332]) has been featured[clarification needed] in many movies and television shows, including Skyfall, Death Line, Die Another Day, Sliding Doors, An American Werewolf in London, Creep, Tube Tales, Sherlock and Neverwhere. A notice was published on 28 February 2014 in the Official Journal of the European Union asking for expressions of interest in building the trains. [80] Following the fire, substantial improvements to safety on the Tube were implemented - including the banning of smoking, removal of wooden escalators, installation of CCTV and fire detectors, as well as comprehensive radio coverage for the emergency services. Temporary sign boards that stand at the top of escalators also maximise turbulence. The trains have exceeded their design life of around 40 years and are in need of replacement. These were all delivered by 2017. [98][100] By increasing rail capacity, the line aims to reduce overcrowding on the Tube and cut cross-London journey times. The replacement of the signalling system and the introduction of Automatic Train Operation and Control is scheduled for 201922. In recent years, the stations of the 1990s Jubilee Line Extension were designed in a high-tech style by architects such as Norman Foster and Michael Hopkins.

Central, 5.7m per mile. Many platforms have unique interior designs to help passenger identification. Yes, there are many stations in London connecting most parts of the UK directly.

Waterloo & City line capacity increased by 50% by 2032, after the track at Waterloo station is remodelled. Kings Cross St. Pancras has the most London Underground lines served by one station.

[50] The Metropolitan promoted housing estates near the railway with the "Metro-land" brand and nine housing estates were built near stations on the line. Victoria, 15.1m per mile. The line will be part of the New Tube for London Project. [137][138], In 2019, the Canary Wharf Group suggested the construction of a new rail line between Euston and Canary Wharf, to improve connections to the future High Speed 2 railway. [288] Green pioneered using building design to guide passengers with direction signs on tiled walls, with the stations given a unique identity with patterns on the platform walls. Part closure. Many of the 270 stations serve more than one of the 11 lines running below the streets of London. The London Underground first opened in 1863, running between Paddington (then known as Bishops Road) and Farringdon Street on what is now part of the Circle, Hammersmith and City and Metropolitan lines. [127] All lines use fixed-length trains with between six and eight cars, except for the Waterloo & City line that uses four cars. [16] This technology, developed in-house by TfL,[209] has been licensed to other major cities like New York City[210] and Boston. For a list of the stations on the system, see. [264][265], The current standard tube map shows the Docklands Light Railway, London Overground, Emirates Air Line, London Tramlink and the London Underground;[266] a more detailed map covering a larger area, published by National Rail and Transport for London, includes suburban railway services. [128] New trains are designed for maximum number of standing passengers and for speed of access to the cars and have regenerative braking and public address systems. This will replace the existing fleet with new air-cooled articulated trains and a new signalling system to allow Automatic Train Operation. Metropolitan line - 66.7km. Part closure.

The London Underground lines listed from longest to shortest. [72], On 1 January 1970 responsibility for public transport within Greater London passed from central government to local government, in the form of the Greater London Council (GLC), and the London Transport Board was abolished. [340] Routes on the Underground can also be optimized using a global network optimization approach, akin to routing algorithms for Internet applications. Clapham Common. [166][167] The main purpose of the London Underground's ventilation fans is to extract hot air from the tunnels,[163] and fans across the network are being refurbished, although complaints of noise from local residents preclude their use at full power at night. [177][178] In 1921 a recorded voice instructed passengers to stand on the right and signs followed in the Second World War. [246], London Underground is authorised to operate trains by the Office of Rail Regulation.

Major work is to be undertaken on the fleet to ensure their continued reliability with brakes, traction control systems, doors, automatic control systems being repaired or replaced, among other components. During air raids in 1915 people used the tube stations as shelters. In 1999, Carlton Television premiered a regional game show (Greater London area only) also called Mind the Gap. London E20 1JN.


Opened on 10 January 1863,[6] it is now part of the Circle, District, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines.

The line may also be one of the first to be upgraded, alongside the Piccadilly line, with new trains, systems and platform-edge doors to test the systems before the Central and Bakerloo lines are upgraded. [159] The invitation to tender for the trains was issued in January 2016;[160] the specifications for the Piccadilly line infrastructure are expected in 2016,[154][155] and the first train is due to run on the Piccadilly line in 2023. 34 stations. District, 5.2m per mile. Re: Piccadilly Line to Kings Cross. Some stations were closed because of low passenger numbers rendering them uneconomical; some became redundant after lines were re-routed or replacements were constructed; and others are no longer served by the Underground but remain open to National Rail main line services.

[183], There are 426 escalators on the London Underground system and the longest, at 60 metres (200ft), is at Angel. Underground. For London Underground passengers, research suggests that transfers are highly costly in terms of walk and wait times. [271][272] The word "UNDERGROUND" was placed in a roundel instead of a station name on posters in 1912 by Charles Sharland and Alfred France, as well as on undated and possibly earlier posters from the same period. Stopping services, which stop at every station on the route, may be described as "all-stations" services. Access to most Tube stations is via staircases or escalators, but some London Underground stations have step-free access.