1 in D and No. On 14 July 1789, the fall of the Bastille took place, starting the Revolution, and Philippe, Duke of Orlans, missed his chance to save the monarchy. His father was a French Parliamentary councilor. Air: Que me fait a moi la richesse sans songer a Nicette; in F minor. "St. Georges and Mulatre J'f.," listed as passengers landing in the Bordeaux custom officials' booklets; C.A.O.M., French Overseas Archives, F5b 14-58; Doc. Born on Christmas Day in 1745 on the Caribbean island of Guadeloupe, Bologne was the child of an enslaved Senegalese woman and a French aristocratic plantation owner. He also took him fox hunting and to the races at Newmarket. The hanging was carried out in effigy on 25 October 1748. XII, No. The smallest was the Thtre Beaujolais, a marionette theater for children, named after his youngest son, the duc de Beaujolais. 'We nearly are [ghosts] they answered, for we come from very far indeed. In 1753, Georges took Joseph - then aged 7 - to France to be educated. Several of the killers have been arrested. He participated in local events and took charge of the music. 1 in A and No. In September 1792 the Assembly decreed the formation of a corps of light troops consisting of coloured men and comprising 1,000 soldiers, of whom 800 were foot soldiers and 200 mounted. Miroslav Vilimec, Pilsen Radio Orchestra, Frantisek Preisler, conductor, Avenira 2000. He also wrote six opras comiques and a number of songs in manuscript. According to Le Mercure Franais, "The concerts under the direction of the famous Saint Georges, left nothing to be desired as to the choice of pieces or the superiority of their execution. Georges decision to give his son the best possible education was vindicated early on by his spectacular achievements and George must have taken immense pride in this. Tams Major, Orchestra della Svizzera Italiana, Forlane, 1999. II, No. The music for three other known compositions was lost: a cello sonata, performed in Lille in 1792, a concerto for clarinet, and one for bassoon. In 1776, he was proposed as the next conductor of the Paris Opera but was subsequently denied this role by a petition. 9. 2, for him,[note 1] and 1766, when composer Franois-Joseph Gossec dedicated a set of six string trios, Op. Second to Lger-Flicit Sonthonax, leader of the commission, was Julien Raimond, the founder of Saint-Georges's Lgion. Joseph Bologne, Chevalier de Saint-Georges (1745-1799), was born on the French Caribbean island of Guadeloupe, the son of an enslaved woman of Senegalese origin and a French plantation owner. His musical output was steady but he was by no means a prolific composer by the centurys usual standards. WebJoseph Bologne was born in Baillif, Basse-Terre as the son of a planter and former councillor at the parliament of Metz, Georges de Bologne Saint-Georges (17111774) and Nanon, his wife's 16-year-old enslaved African servant of Senegalese origin, who served as her personal maid. Symphonie Concertante, Op. You thought we've been hanged /For almost two years what became of you?' In 1785, the Duke of Orlans died. I have served it since the beginning of the war with a tireless zeal that is undiminished by the persecutions I have suffered. La Comtesse de Vauban, sometimes presented as a collection of vocal pieces by Saint-Georges, contains too many numbers obviously composed by others. "[46] According to another source, "The celebrated Saint-Georges, mulatto fencer [and] violinist, created a sensation in Paris [when] two years later at the Concert Spirituel, he was appreciated not as much for his compositions as for his performances, enrapturing especially the feminine members of his audience."[47]. He was 82. posth. I have no other resources, only to restore my original position. Despite Nanon being the enslaved servant to his wife Elisabeth, Georges de Bologne acknowledged being the young Joseph's father and gave him his surname, part of which - 'de Saint-Georges' - was named after his plantations in Guadeloupe. The Marquise de Montesson, his morganatic wife, having been forbidden by the King to mourn him, shuttered their mansion, closed her theater, and retired to a convent near Paris. Joseph Bologna, an actor, writer, and director known for his role in 1982's "My Favorite Year" and for his long collaboration on stage and screen with wife Renee Taylor, has died. Following the "affair", Marie-Antoinette preferred to hold her musicales in the salon of her Petit appartement de la reine in Versailles. Before copyrights, several publishers issued his concertos with both Opus numbers and numbering them according to the order in which they were [30] According to noted biographer Gabriel Banat, "Saint-Georges mourned the loss of one who was most likely his greatest love and the death of the son he never saw".[31]. X No. in F. Ariette: Satisfait du plaisir d'aimer; in A. Ariette-Andante: (Clemengis) La seule Ernestine qui m'enflamme; in E-flat. According to Baron von Grimm in his Correspondance littraire, philosophique et critique (1776), Saint-Georges nomination collapsed in the face of strong opposition from some of the female artists at the Opra, including the famous singers Sophie Arnould and Rosalie Levasseur. Friend and admirer, Philippe, now Duke of Orlans, presented with. 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We come from very far indeed bologna died Sunday morning at City of Hope in Duarte, California Leclair. Thtre Beaujolais, a, G, B-flat, E-flat, a: miroslav Vilimec and Jiri Zilak violins... Captain Duhamel ] in the isles of the Caribbean violin: B-flat, a: miroslav and... Premiere in the whole of Europe Nishizaki, Kln Kammerorchester, Helmut Mller-Brhl conductor... To essentially die and symphonies concertante ordered the immediate levy of 91,000 volunteers into the ranks of Paris... And Jiri Zilak, violins, Pilsen Radio Orchestra, Frantisek Preisler,,. Nonetheless, both the Mercure de France and Le Journal de Paris found things to praise in the music and hoped Saint-Georges would continue to write for the theatre. His earliest upbringing was in the isles of the Caribbean. [60] The Duc d'Orlans appointed Saint-Georges as Lieutenant de la chasse of his vast hunting grounds at Raincy, with an additional salary of 2000 Livres a year. On 20 March 1793 Danton and Charles-Franois Delacroix were sent to Lille. Perhaps she had emigrated, or perhaps she had died. Recueil de pieces pour forte piano et violon pour Mme. The founders of the new Loge, a group of nouveau riche gentlemen bent on re-creating the elegance of the old Loge Olympique, were delighted to find St. Georges back in Paris. In June 1791 the Assembly ordered the immediate levy of 91,000 volunteers into the ranks of the National Guard throughout the whole of France. Duo: (Isabelle & Dorval) C'est donc ainsi qu'on me soupconne; in F. Scena-Recitavo: Ernestine, que vas tu faire .. as tu bien consulte ton Coeur? Thereafter, except for his final set of quartets (Op. To have achieved such prominence at an early age must have involved an enormous amount of effort even given his great natural ability. 1 in C and No. View sheet music by Joseph Bologne de Saint-Georges. Ernestine, Saint-Georges's first opera, with a libretto by Pierre Choderlos de Laclos, future author of Les Liaisons dangereuses, was performed on 19 July 1777, at the Comdie-Italienne. The thematic incipits on the right, should clear up the resulting confusion. By 1775 Saint-Georges was so well established as a composer, soloist and orchestra director, that he was considered for the post of artistic director of the Royal Academy of Music at the Opra. As a brilliant horseman, man of arms and former member of the Royal Guard, Saint-Georges must have been a very welcome recruit. WebTogether with his wife Rene Taylor, he wrote and starred in Made for Each Other (1971). "[68], Back in Paris, he completed and produced his latest opra comique, La Fille Garon, at the Thtre des Italiens. No one else under instruction showed as much gracefulness and discipline. However, according to biographer Pierre Bardin, she signed "Anne Danneveau," and refers to her son as "Mr De Boulonge St-George," reflecting her desire to distance herself from her son, thus further concealing Saint-Georges's African origins.[24]. Joseph Bologne was born Christmas day 1745 on the Caribbean island of Guadeloupe, the son of French plantation owner George Bologne and Nanon, the enslaved woman who served Bolognes wife.
[53] Queen Marie Antoinette attended some of Saint-Georges's concerts at the Htel de Soubise, arriving sometimes without notice, so the orchestra wore court attire for all its performances. [note 5] But not even his military duties in the Garde Nationale could prevent St. Georges from giving concerts. 11, actually Op. Air: "Il n'est point, disoit mon pre", from the opera. Long before her death, Saint-Georges's mother would also record a testamentary deed dated 18 June 1778, in which she gives and bequeaths all her belongings. With thanks to Teresa Neff Joseph Bolognes Early Life Joseph Bologne (17451799), Chevalier de Saint-Georges, held a remarkable number of occupations and positions during his life: composer, conductor, violinist, impresario, champion fencer, military officer, and nobleman. He was married to actress Athena Ashburn, but split from her in 2001. Lightning is no faster than his arms and in spite of running a fever, he demonstrated astonishing vigor. Miroslav Vilimec, Pilsen Radio Orchestra, Frantisek Preisler, conductor, Avenira, 2000. After 24 hours Mr. the Duke of Orlans was asked not to interfere in this affair, and the prisoners, who were recognized as policemen, among whom was a certain Desbrugnieres, so renowned in the affair of the Comte de Morangis, were released, which gives rise to a thousand conjectures. No 2 is identical with the overture to Bologne's opra comique, L'Amant anonyme. Shopping Cart. The boy is believed to be Joseph de Bologne Saint-Georges, the famous swordsman and composer. [15] These racist legal bindings and attitudes towards mixed-race citizens made it virtually impossible for Joseph Bologne to marry any woman at his level of society; however, he is known to have had at least one long-term, serious romantic relationship. During an interview, Taylor said that well into their 47th year of marriage, they had a huge fight due to which she asked Bologna to get out, and he started packing. There were certainly greater composers than Saint-Georges during the late 18th century but none who possessed anywhere near his remarkable range of talents, his exotic persona and fascinating personality. 4"), Op. When Gossec left the Amateurs in 1773 to take over the Concert Spirituel, Saint-Georges, aged twenty-four, succeeded him as director of the orchestra. 8"), Op. Little is known about Boulogne's mother, who came from Africa, and no known records survive as to her early history. WebJoseph Boulogne, Chevalier de Saint-George (17451799), a musician, athlete, and soldier, was among the most fascinating figures during the years at the end of France's old regime and during its age of revolution at the end of the eighteenth century. Six Quatuors Concertans, "Au gout du jour", no opus number (1779). He has also appeared Dr. Malavaqua, a mad scientist, in 1985 comedy Transylvania 6-5000.. VI, No. [22] When his father died in 1774 in Guadeloupe, he awarded his annuity to his legitimate daughter, Elisabeth Benedictine. while No. His father was a French Parliamentary councilor. Miroslav Vilimec, Pilsen Radio Orchestra, Frantisek Preisler conductor, Avenira, 2000. Artaria Editions c/o HNH International Limited, Level 11, Cyberport 1, 100 Cyberport Road, Hong Kong, New editions of works by Bologne de Saint-Georges, Biography of Joseph Bologne de Saint-Georges (17451799), Joseph Bologne de Saint-Georges sheet music. Like his last ensemble, Le Cercle de l'Harmonie was also part of a Masonic lodge performing in what was formerly the Palais Royal. "[54] Saint-Georges played all his violin concertos as a soloist with his orchestra. Born on Christmas Day in 1745 on the Caribbean island of Guadeloupe, Bologne was the child of an enslaved Senegalese woman and a French aristocratic plantation owner. Bologna and Taylor have a son named Gabriel Niccolo Bologna, and a daughter Zizi. Following the 1789 outbreak of the French Revolution, and now approaching 45 years of age, Saint-Georges served as a colonel of the Lgion St.-Georges,[5] established in 1792 as the first all-black regiment in Europe, and the first of its kind to be defending the French First Republic. 2 in A: Miroslav Vilimec and Jiri Zilak, violins, Jan Motlik, viola, Frantisek Preisler, conductor. 14, 1785), Saint-Georges abandoned composing instrumental music in favor of opera. [67] He also delivered Brissot's request to the abolitionists MPs William Wilberforce, John Wilkes, and the Reverend Thomas Clarkson. WebJoseph Bologne. They are in BnF, ms 17411. 82-87. Doubtless, his other activities prevented him from devoting the greater part of his time to composition. "[39], Saint-Georges's death certificate was lost in a fire; what remains is only a report by the men who removed his body: "St. Georges Bologne, Joseph, rue Boucherat No. So far as I know she had never had anything to do with her half-brother This man who was once so sought after ended with only Duhamel and myself for companions. by Sieber, 1777, attributed to Saint-Georges, is mentioned in an advertisement in Mercure de France of September 1778 as: "arranged and dedicated to M. de Saint-Georges" by Delaplanque. [65] After sparring with him, carte and tierce, the prince matched Saint-Georges with several renowned masters. 8. but for being confused by the new calendar, it would have been 9 June. Takako Nishizaki, Kln Kammerorchester, Helmut Mller-Brhl, conductor, Naxos, 2001. London Symphony Orchestra, Paul Freeman, conductor, Columbia Records, 1974. His wife of 52 years, actress Rene Taylor, said in a statement that his team of doctors prolonged his life for the last six months during the cancers most aggressive stages. The concerts were open to subscription and largely featured new music, in particular, symphonies, concertos and symphonies concertante. Joe Bolognas Family. At its premiere in the Thtre Italien, "The public received the work with loud applause. [71] Without salaries, he must have depended on Philippe. He had still to achieve great success with a theatrical work although La fille-garon was reasonably well received. Joe Bologna. WebJoseph Boulogne, Chevalier de Saint-George (17451799), a musician, athlete, and soldier, was among the most fascinating figures during the years at the end of France's old regime and during its age of revolution at the end of the eighteenth century. '"[91], It stands to reason that Julien Raimond would want to take St. Georges, an experienced officer, with him to Saint-Domingue, then in a civil war. Bologna and Taylor have a son named Gabriel Niccolo Bologna, and a daughter Zizi. doi:10.1017/S1478570604000168. Some time before the end, St. Georges stayed with a friend [Captain Duhamel] in the rue Boucherat. Joe Bolognas Family. He was a man. Concerto Op. Saint-Georges rehearsed the six symphonies and directed their triumphant premieres at the end of 1787. Among connoisseurs of the art of fencing, Saint-Georges was considered the finest swordsman in Europe, possessed of extraordinary speed, flexibility and grace, qualities which he also exhibited in abundance as a violinist. Miriam Fried and Jamie Laredo, violins, London Symphony Orchestra, Paul Freeman conductor, Columbia Records, 1970. He received music lessons from Franois-Joseph Gossec, likely violin lessons from Jean-Marie Leclair, and studied fencing. [34]. "[25] A fine dancer, Saint-Georges was also invited to balls and welcomed in the salons (and boudoirs) of highborn ladies. Despite the scandalous nature of his arrival, Bologne had a close relationship with his father and went on to receive a stellar education in France. 9, actually Op. Avenira, 2000. Gabriel followed in his parents footsteps by joining them in their movie making ventures. 2 in A: Miroslav Vilimec and Jiri Zilak, violins, Pilsen Radio Orchestra, Frantisek Preisler, conductor, Avenira, 199698. V, No.1 in C and No. With thanks to Teresa Neff Joseph Bolognes Early Life Joseph Bologne (17451799), Chevalier de Saint-Georges, held a remarkable number of occupations and positions during his life: composer, conductor, violinist, impresario, champion fencer, military officer, and nobleman. His other film credits include roles in Cops and Robbers (1973) , Honor Thy Father (1973) , The Big Bus (1976) and Chapter Two (1979) . [50] Saint-Georges turned to his friend and admirer, Philippe D'Orlans, duc de Chartres, for help. His father rewarded Joseph with a horse and buggy.[22]. "[81], Louise describes the scenario of Saint-Georges' "Love and Death of the Poor Little Bird", a programmatic piece for violin alone, which he was constantly entreated to play especially by the ladies. Saint-Georges was born in the then-French colony of Guadeloupe, the son of the wealthy married planter Georges de Bologne Saint-Georges, and an enslaved Senegalese African woman named Nanon. He was married to actress Athena Ashburn, but split from her in 2001. The lead singers of the Opra provided the voices for the puppets. In 2006, Joseph provided his voice for Mr. Start in Ice Age: The Meltdown.. Joe Bologna's 2 in A, Bailleux, 1775, Op. as "Performing with great precision and delicate nuances [and] became the best orchestra for symphonies in Paris, and perhaps in all of Europe. Saint-Georges father was a notable patron of musicians and received dedications from a number of composers including the Italian violinist Antonio Lolli and Carl Stamitz. WebTogether with his wife Rene Taylor, he wrote and starred in Made for Each Other (1971). According to Louise Fusil, Saint Georges and his friend Lamothe had been absent from Paris for nearly two years. From the age of eight, he was educated in France. Afro-Caribbean and French classical composer, fencer, and violinist, Joseph Bologne, Chevalier de Saint-Georges, Saint-Georges, posing with his fencing foil, by, Lolli's dedication was to Joseph's father: "To M. de Bologne de Saint-Georges, who gave the arts a priceless gift in the person of his son.". [note 4]. They arranged exhibition matches for him, including one at Carlton House, before the Prince of Wales. but very different men, Beaumarchais and Saint-Georges; Saint-Georges's first composition, Op. The orchestra, which was unusually large for the period numbering up to 76 players with 40 violins, won its great reputation during Saint-Georges eight-year directorship and it was this orchestra and not the Concert Spirituel which introduced Haydns symphonies to Parisian audiences. He fled Basse-Terre and on 31 March 1748 was convicted and sentenced in absentia to be hanged and strangled until death ensues on the gallows erected in the corner of the public square in this town of Basseterre and had all his goods confiscated. 1a): Saint-Georges' life and career was the subject of the biographical film Chevalier, in which he was portrayed by Kelvin Harrison Jr.. Smidak believes that Saint-Georges met with progressive political elements while in England, particularly those campaigning for the abolition of slavery. Six Sonatas for violin accompanied by a second violin: B-flat, E-flat, A, G, B-flat, A: Op. In 2006, Joseph provided his voice for Mr. Start in Ice Age: The Meltdown.. Joe Bologna's His other film credits include roles in Cops and Robbers (1973) , Honor Thy Father (1973) , The Big Bus (1976) and Chapter Two (1979) . VIII, No.
Despite Nanon being the enslaved servant to his wife Elisabeth, Georges de Bologne acknowledged being the young Joseph's father and gave him his surname, part of which - 'de Saint-Georges' - was named after his plantations in Guadeloupe. But, according to Baron von Grimm's Correspondance litteraire, philosophique et critique, three of the Opra's leading ladies " presented a placet (petition) to the Queen [Marie Antoinette] assuring Her Majesty that their honor and delicate conscience could never allow them to submit to the orders of a mulatto."[28]. It did not survive its premiere.
1 in F: Miroslav Vilimec and Jiri Zilak, violins, Jan Motlik, viola, Frantisek Preisler, conductor. M. le Duc d'Orlans wrote to M. le Noir, as soon as he was informed of the fact, to recommend to him the most exact research, and that a striking justice be done on the culprits. He has also appeared Dr. Malavaqua, a mad scientist, in 1985 comedy Transylvania 6-5000..
Beauvoir's novel says that "Platon", a fictional whip-toting slave commander on Saint-Domingue, "taught little Saint-Georges" the violin. Please make use of our PDF products. Erato, n.d., Contemporains Franais de Mozart. ", Free scores by Chevalier de Saint-Georges, International Music Score Library Project, Festival International de Musique Saint-Georges, "His Name Is Joseph Boulogne, Not 'Black Mozart'", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chevalier_de_Saint-Georges&oldid=1148627719, 18th-century French male classical violinists, French Republican military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from February 2022, Articles with incomplete citations from September 2020, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2022, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from April 2020, Articles with failed verification from September 2020, Articles needing additional references from January 2021, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2018, Articles with International Music Score Library Project links, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Acadmie royale polytechnique des armes et de l'quitation, Op. Conducted by Saint-Georges, Haydn's "Paris" symphonies were first performed at the Salle des Gardes-Suisses of the Tuileries, a much larger hall, in order to accommodate the huge public demand to hear Haydn's new works. During an interview, Taylor said that well into their 47th year of marriage, they had a huge fight due to which she asked Bologna to get out, and he started packing. 2 in G: Qian Zhou, Toronto Camerata, Kevin Mallon, conductor. Unemployed again, Saint-Georges led a vagabond existence with Lamothe and returned for a time to St Domingue where a fierce civil war was in progress between revolutionary forces and those who wished to restore the old order including the reintroduction of slavery. He was quick, supple and slim and had astonishing agility. 2 in D, Bailleux, 1774 (No. [70] Saint-Georges, sent ahead to London by Laclos, stayed at Grenier's. Huguette Fernandez and Ginette Carles, violins. The Italian violinist Jean-Baptiste Viotti had been appointed as conductor. There is, however, one exception to this. The infant was taken from Marie-Josephine and sent by her husband to a nearby village to essentially die. He considered Saint-Georges, a "man of color", the ideal person to contact his fellow abolitionists in London and ask their advice about Brissot's plans for Les Amis des Noirs (Friends of the Blacks) modelled on the English anti-slavery movement. In 1769 he joined a new symphony orchestra, Le Concert des amateurs, consisting of amateurs and professionals, and founded by Gossec; two years later (1771) he was appointed concertmaster and soon started composing. When Saint-Georges turned thirteen his father, perhaps intending him for a military career, boarded him with the Master of Arms, La Bossire. Joseph Bologne, Chevalier de Saint-Georges (25 December 1745 10 June 1799),[1] was a French Creole virtuoso violinist and composer, who was conductor of the leading symphony orchestra in Paris. After the disbanding of the Amateurs in January 1781, probably due to financial problems, Saint-Georges founded the Concert de la Loge Olympique, the orchestra for whom Count dOgny commissioned Haydn to compose his brilliant set of six Paris symphonies. He returned to Paris in 1790 but finding the state of affairs unsatisfactory undertook a tour of northern France with the young actress Louise Fusil and the horn player Lamothe. With thanks to Teresa Neff Joseph Bolognes Early Life Joseph Bologne (17451799), Chevalier de Saint-Georges, held a remarkable number of occupations and positions during his life: composer, conductor, violinist, impresario, champion fencer, military officer, and nobleman. By seventeen he had developed superlative speed. His stance was superb and with his hand held high, he could always exploit the faults of his opponent. International shipping is partly disrupted. His assignment was to stay close to the Prince of Wales. [27] Having been spurned, and with great influence in the Queen's court, La Guimard would come to play a pivotal role in the petition that would deny Joseph's ambition to become the director of the Paris Opera from ever coming to fruition. "[78] It was to be his last opera, lost, including its libretto. He was glad to gain a position that entitled him to an apartment in the ducal mansion on the Chausse d'Antin. After a lengthy and byzantine appeal process, he was released but not reinstated in his command in spite of the overwhelming support of his men and junior officers. The opera, Le Droit de seigneur taken for a work by Saint-Georges is in fact by J-P. E. Martini: (one aria contributed by Saint-Georges, mentioned in 1784 by Mercure, is lost). Playwright and Secret du Roi spy Pierre Caron de Beaumarchais began to collect funds from private contributors, including many of the Concert's patrons, to send materiel aid for the American cause. Upon becoming a chevalier (knight), he took his fathers suffix de Saint-Georges"named after a plantation in Guadeloupeto become known as Chevalier de Saint-Georges". Dumouriez sensed a trap and invited them to his headquarters at Saint-Amand-les-Eaux. His friend, Philippe, now Duke of Orlans, presented him with a small flat in the Palais- Royal. The famous swordsman Henry Angelo claimed that Saint-Georges mother Nanon was one of the most beautiful women that Africa has ever sent to the plantations and that St-Georges combined in his person his mothers grace and good looks and his fathers vigour and assurance. WebJoseph Boulogne, more commonly known as Saint-Georges, was born about 1739, in Basse Terre, Guadeloupe. [85], On 20 April 1792, compelled by the National Assembly, Louis XVI declared war against his brother-in-law, Francis II. Orchestre de chambre de Versailles, Bernard Wahl, conductor, Arion, 1981. Recent research, notably that of Emil Smidak, has established that his father was one George de Bologne Saint-Georges, a former Gentleman of the Kings Bedchamber and an important planter at Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe. Its three parts depicted the little bird greeting the spring; passionately pursuing the object of his love, who alas, has chosen another; its voice grows weaker then, after the last sigh, it is stilled forever. [note 6], J. S. A. Cuvelier in his Necrology: "For some time he had been tormented by a violent fever his vigorous nature had repeatedly fought off this cruel illness; [but] after a month of suffering, the end came on 21 Prairial [June 9] at five o'clock in the evening. In running he was reputed to be one of the leading exponents in the whole of Europe. Saint-Georges was proposed as the next director of the opera. The plan to send military aid via a fleet of fifty vessels and have those vessels return with American rice, cotton, or tobacco ended up bankrupting the French contributors as the American congress failed to acknowledge its debt and the ships were sent back empty. 9, to Saint Georges. It is not over-idealistic to attribute such noble qualities to the father since the evidence of Josephs special treatment is undeniable. According to Bologne's friend, Louise Fusil: " admired for his fencing and riding prowess, he served as a model to young sportsmen who formed a court around him. WebJoseph Bologne may refer to: Chevalier de Saint-Georges (Joseph Bologne, 17451799), French fencer, composer, violinist and conductor; Joseph Bologne (politician) (18711959), Belgian socialist politician; See also. Bologna died Sunday morning at City of Hope in Duarte, California.